app-MAIL-temp/app/email_utils.py

import base64
import email
import enum
import os
import quopri
import random
import re
import time
from email.errors import HeaderParseError
from email.header import decode_header
from email.message import Message
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import make_msgid, formatdate, parseaddr
from smtplib import SMTP, SMTPServerDisconnected
from typing import Tuple, List, Optional
from copy import deepcopy

import arrow
import dkim
import spf
from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader
from sqlalchemy import func
from validate_email import validate_email

from app.config import (
    SUPPORT_EMAIL,
    ROOT_DIR,
    POSTFIX_SERVER,
    NOT_SEND_EMAIL,
    DKIM_SELECTOR,
    DKIM_PRIVATE_KEY,
    DKIM_HEADERS,
    ALIAS_DOMAINS,
    SUPPORT_NAME,
    POSTFIX_SUBMISSION_TLS,
    MAX_NB_EMAIL_FREE_PLAN,
    DISPOSABLE_EMAIL_DOMAINS,
    MAX_ALERT_24H,
    POSTFIX_PORT,
    URL,
    LANDING_PAGE_URL,
    EMAIL_DOMAIN,
    ALERT_DIRECTORY_DISABLED_ALIAS_CREATION,
    TRANSACTIONAL_BOUNCE_EMAIL,
    ALERT_SPF,
    POSTFIX_PORT_FORWARD,
)
from app.dns_utils import get_mx_domains
from app.extensions import db
from app.log import LOG
from app.models import (
    Mailbox,
    User,
    SentAlert,
    CustomDomain,
    SLDomain,
    Contact,
    Alias,
    EmailLog,
    TransactionalEmail,
    IgnoreBounceSender,
)
from app.utils import (
    random_string,
    convert_to_id,
    convert_to_alphanumeric,
    sanitize_email,
)


def render(template_name, **kwargs) -> str:
    templates_dir = os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, "templates", "emails")
    env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(templates_dir))

    template = env.get_template(template_name)

    return template.render(
        MAX_NB_EMAIL_FREE_PLAN=MAX_NB_EMAIL_FREE_PLAN,
        URL=URL,
        LANDING_PAGE_URL=LANDING_PAGE_URL,
        YEAR=arrow.now().year,
        **kwargs,
    )


def send_welcome_email(user):
    to_email, unsubscribe_link, via_email = user.get_communication_email()
    if not to_email:
        return

    # whether this email is sent to an alias
    alias = to_email if to_email != user.email else None

    send_email(
        to_email,
        f"Welcome to SimpleLogin",
        render("com/welcome.txt", user=user, alias=alias),
        render("com/welcome.html", user=user, alias=alias),
        unsubscribe_link,
        via_email,
    )


def send_trial_end_soon_email(user):
    send_email(
        user.email,
        f"Your trial will end soon",
        render("transactional/trial-end.txt", user=user),
        render("transactional/trial-end.html", user=user),
    )


def send_activation_email(email, activation_link):
    send_email(
        email,
        f"Just one more step to join SimpleLogin",
        render(
            "transactional/activation.txt",
            activation_link=activation_link,
            email=email,
        ),
        render(
            "transactional/activation.html",
            activation_link=activation_link,
            email=email,
        ),
    )


def send_reset_password_email(email, reset_password_link):
    send_email(
        email,
        "Reset your password on SimpleLogin",
        render(
            "transactional/reset-password.txt",
            reset_password_link=reset_password_link,
        ),
        render(
            "transactional/reset-password.html",
            reset_password_link=reset_password_link,
        ),
    )


def send_change_email(new_email, current_email, link):
    send_email(
        new_email,
        "Confirm email update on SimpleLogin",
        render(
            "transactional/change-email.txt",
            link=link,
            new_email=new_email,
            current_email=current_email,
        ),
        render(
            "transactional/change-email.html",
            link=link,
            new_email=new_email,
            current_email=current_email,
        ),
    )


def send_test_email_alias(email, name):
    send_email(
        email,
        f"This email is sent to {email}",
        render("transactional/test-email.txt", name=name, alias=email),
        render("transactional/test-email.html", name=name, alias=email),
    )


def send_cannot_create_directory_alias(user, alias_address, directory_name):
    """when user cancels their subscription, they cannot create alias on the fly.
    If this happens, send them an email to notify
    """
    send_email(
        user.email,
        f"Alias {alias_address} cannot be created",
        render(
            "transactional/cannot-create-alias-directory.txt",
            alias=alias_address,
            directory=directory_name,
        ),
        render(
            "transactional/cannot-create-alias-directory.html",
            alias=alias_address,
            directory=directory_name,
        ),
    )


def send_cannot_create_directory_alias_disabled(user, alias_address, directory_name):
    """when the directory is disabled, new alias can't be created on-the-fly.
    Send user an email to notify of an attempt
    """
    send_email_with_rate_control(
        user,
        ALERT_DIRECTORY_DISABLED_ALIAS_CREATION,
        user.email,
        f"Alias {alias_address} cannot be created",
        render(
            "transactional/cannot-create-alias-directory-disabled.txt",
            alias=alias_address,
            directory=directory_name,
        ),
        render(
            "transactional/cannot-create-alias-directory-disabled.html",
            alias=alias_address,
            directory=directory_name,
        ),
    )


def send_cannot_create_domain_alias(user, alias, domain):
    """when user cancels their subscription, they cannot create alias on the fly with custom domain.
    If this happens, send them an email to notify
    """
    send_email(
        user.email,
        f"Alias {alias} cannot be created",
        render(
            "transactional/cannot-create-alias-domain.txt",
            alias=alias,
            domain=domain,
        ),
        render(
            "transactional/cannot-create-alias-domain.html",
            alias=alias,
            domain=domain,
        ),
    )


def send_email(
    to_email,
    subject,
    plaintext,
    html=None,
    unsubscribe_link=None,
    unsubscribe_via_email=False,
):
    to_email = sanitize_email(to_email)
    if NOT_SEND_EMAIL:
        LOG.d(
            "send email with subject '%s' to '%s', plaintext: %s, html: %s",
            subject,
            to_email,
            plaintext,
            html,
        )
        return

    LOG.d("send email to %s, subject %s", to_email, subject)

    if POSTFIX_SUBMISSION_TLS:
        smtp = SMTP(POSTFIX_SERVER, 587)
        smtp.starttls()
    else:
        smtp = SMTP(POSTFIX_SERVER, POSTFIX_PORT or 25)

    msg = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
    msg.attach(MIMEText(plaintext))

    if not html:
        LOG.d("Use plaintext as html")
        html = plaintext.replace("\n", "<br>")
    msg.attach(MIMEText(html, "html"))

    msg["Subject"] = subject
    msg["From"] = f"{SUPPORT_NAME} <{SUPPORT_EMAIL}>"
    msg["To"] = to_email

    msg_id_header = make_msgid()
    msg["Message-ID"] = msg_id_header

    date_header = formatdate()
    msg["Date"] = date_header

    if unsubscribe_link:
        add_or_replace_header(msg, "List-Unsubscribe", f"<{unsubscribe_link}>")
        if not unsubscribe_via_email:
            add_or_replace_header(
                msg, "List-Unsubscribe-Post", "List-Unsubscribe=One-Click"
            )

    # add DKIM
    email_domain = SUPPORT_EMAIL[SUPPORT_EMAIL.find("@") + 1 :]
    add_dkim_signature(msg, email_domain)

    msg_raw = to_bytes(msg)

    transaction = TransactionalEmail.get_by(email=to_email)
    if not transaction:
        transaction = TransactionalEmail.create(email=to_email, commit=True)

    # use a different envelope sender for each transactional email (aka VERP)
    smtp.sendmail(TRANSACTIONAL_BOUNCE_EMAIL.format(transaction.id), to_email, msg_raw)


def send_email_with_rate_control(
    user: User,
    alert_type: str,
    to_email: str,
    subject,
    plaintext,
    html=None,
    max_nb_alert=MAX_ALERT_24H,
    nb_day=1,
) -> bool:
    """Same as send_email with rate control over alert_type.
    Make sure no more than `max_nb_alert` emails are sent over the period of `nb_day` days

    Return true if the email is sent, otherwise False
    """
    to_email = sanitize_email(to_email)
    min_dt = arrow.now().shift(days=-1 * nb_day)
    nb_alert = (
        SentAlert.query.filter_by(alert_type=alert_type, to_email=to_email)
        .filter(SentAlert.created_at > min_dt)
        .count()
    )

    if nb_alert >= max_nb_alert:
        LOG.warning(
            "%s emails were sent to %s in the last %s days, alert type %s",
            nb_alert,
            to_email,
            nb_day,
            alert_type,
        )
        return False

    SentAlert.create(user_id=user.id, alert_type=alert_type, to_email=to_email)
    db.session.commit()
    send_email(to_email, subject, plaintext, html)
    return True


def send_email_at_most_times(
    user: User,
    alert_type: str,
    to_email: str,
    subject,
    plaintext,
    html=None,
    max_times=1,
) -> bool:
    """Same as send_email with rate control over alert_type.
    Sent at most `max_times`
    This is used to inform users about a warning.

    Return true if the email is sent, otherwise False
    """
    to_email = sanitize_email(to_email)
    nb_alert = SentAlert.query.filter_by(
        alert_type=alert_type, to_email=to_email
    ).count()

    if nb_alert >= max_times:
        LOG.warning(
            "%s emails were sent to %s alert type %s",
            nb_alert,
            to_email,
            alert_type,
        )
        return False

    SentAlert.create(user_id=user.id, alert_type=alert_type, to_email=to_email)
    db.session.commit()
    send_email(to_email, subject, plaintext, html)
    return True


def get_email_local_part(address) -> str:
    """
    Get the local part from email
    ab@cd.com -> ab
    """
    return address[: address.find("@")]


def get_email_domain_part(address):
    """
    Get the domain part from email
    ab@cd.com -> cd.com
    """
    address = sanitize_email(address)
    return address[address.find("@") + 1 :]


def add_dkim_signature(msg: Message, email_domain: str):
    delete_header(msg, "DKIM-Signature")

    # Specify headers in "byte" form
    # Generate message signature
    if DKIM_PRIVATE_KEY:
        sig = dkim.sign(
            to_bytes(msg),
            DKIM_SELECTOR,
            email_domain.encode(),
            DKIM_PRIVATE_KEY.encode(),
            include_headers=DKIM_HEADERS,
        )
        sig = sig.decode()

        # remove linebreaks from sig
        sig = sig.replace("\n", " ").replace("\r", "")
        msg["DKIM-Signature"] = sig[len("DKIM-Signature: ") :]


def add_or_replace_header(msg: Message, header: str, value: str):
    """
    Remove all occurrences of `header` and add `header` with `value`.
    """
    delete_header(msg, header)
    msg[header] = value


def delete_header(msg: Message, header: str):
    """a header can appear several times in message."""
    # inspired from https://stackoverflow.com/a/47903323/1428034
    for i in reversed(range(len(msg._headers))):
        header_name = msg._headers[i][0].lower()
        if header_name == header.lower():
            del msg._headers[i]


def sanitize_header(msg: Message, header: str):
    """remove trailing space and remove linebreak from a header"""
    for i in reversed(range(len(msg._headers))):
        header_name = msg._headers[i][0].lower()
        if header_name == header.lower():
            # msg._headers[i] is a tuple like ('From', 'hey@google.com')
            if msg._headers[i][1]:
                msg._headers[i] = (
                    msg._headers[i][0],
                    msg._headers[i][1].strip().replace("\n", " "),
                )


def delete_all_headers_except(msg: Message, headers: [str]):
    headers = [h.lower() for h in headers]

    for i in reversed(range(len(msg._headers))):
        header_name = msg._headers[i][0].lower()
        if header_name not in headers:
            del msg._headers[i]


def can_create_directory_for_address(address: str) -> bool:
    """return True if an email ends with one of the alias domains provided by SimpleLogin"""
    # not allow creating directory with premium domain
    for domain in ALIAS_DOMAINS:
        if address.endswith("@" + domain):
            return True

    return False


def is_valid_alias_address_domain(address) -> bool:
    """Return whether an address domain might a domain handled by SimpleLogin"""
    domain = get_email_domain_part(address)
    if SLDomain.get_by(domain=domain):
        return True

    if CustomDomain.get_by(domain=domain, verified=True):
        return True

    return False


def email_can_be_used_as_mailbox(email: str) -> bool:
    """Return True if an email can be used as a personal email.
    Use the email domain as criteria. A domain can be used if it is not:
    - one of ALIAS_DOMAINS
    - one of PREMIUM_ALIAS_DOMAINS
    - one of custom domains
    - a disposable domain
    """
    domain = get_email_domain_part(email)
    if not domain:
        return False

    if SLDomain.get_by(domain=domain):
        return False

    from app.models import CustomDomain

    if CustomDomain.get_by(domain=domain, verified=True):
        LOG.d("domain %s is a SimpleLogin custom domain", domain)
        return False

    if is_disposable_domain(domain):
        LOG.d("Domain %s is disposable", domain)
        return False

    # check if email MX domain is disposable
    mx_domains = get_mx_domain_list(domain)

    # if no MX record, email is not valid
    if not mx_domains:
        LOG.d("No MX record for domain %s", domain)
        return False

    for mx_domain in mx_domains:
        if is_disposable_domain(mx_domain):
            LOG.d("MX Domain %s %s is disposable", mx_domain, domain)
            return False

    return True


def is_disposable_domain(domain):
    for d in DISPOSABLE_EMAIL_DOMAINS:
        if domain == d:
            return True
        # subdomain
        if domain.endswith("." + d):
            return True

    return False


def get_mx_domain_list(domain) -> [str]:
    """return list of MX domains for a given email.
    domain name ends *without* a dot (".") at the end.
    """
    priority_domains = get_mx_domains(domain)

    return [d[:-1] for _, d in priority_domains]


def personal_email_already_used(email: str) -> bool:
    """test if an email can be used as user email"""
    if User.get_by(email=email):
        return True

    return False


def mailbox_already_used(email: str, user) -> bool:
    if Mailbox.get_by(email=email, user_id=user.id):
        return True

    # support the case user wants to re-add their real email as mailbox
    # can happen when user changes their root email and wants to add this new email as mailbox
    if email == user.email:
        return False

    return False


def get_orig_message_from_bounce(msg: Message) -> Message:
    """parse the original email from Bounce"""
    i = 0
    for part in msg.walk():
        i += 1

        # the original message is the 4th part
        # 1st part is the root part,  multipart/report
        # 2nd is text/plain, Postfix log
        # ...
        # 7th is original message
        if i == 7:
            return part


def get_header_from_bounce(msg: Message, header: str) -> str:
    """using regex to get header value from bounce message
    get_orig_message_from_bounce is better. This should be the last option
    """
    msg_str = str(msg)
    exp = re.compile(f"{header}.*\n")
    r = re.search(exp, msg_str)
    if r:
        # substr should be something like 'HEADER: 1234'
        substr = msg_str[r.start() : r.end()].strip()
        parts = substr.split(":")
        return parts[1].strip()

    return None


def get_orig_message_from_spamassassin_report(msg: Message) -> Message:
    """parse the original email from Spamassassin report"""
    i = 0
    for part in msg.walk():
        i += 1

        # the original message is the 4th part
        # 1st part is the root part,  multipart/report
        # 2nd is text/plain, SpamAssassin part
        # 3rd is the original message in message/rfc822 content type
        # 4th is original message
        if i == 4:
            return part


def get_spam_info(msg: Message, max_score=None) -> (bool, str):
    """parse SpamAssassin header to detect whether a message is classified as spam.
      Return (is spam, spam status detail)
      The header format is
      ```X-Spam-Status: No, score=-0.1 required=5.0 tests=DKIM_SIGNED,DKIM_VALID,
    DKIM_VALID_AU,RCVD_IN_DNSWL_BLOCKED,RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H2,SPF_PASS,
    URIBL_BLOCKED autolearn=unavailable autolearn_force=no version=3.4.2```
    """
    spamassassin_status = msg["X-Spam-Status"]
    if not spamassassin_status:
        return False, ""

    return get_spam_from_header(spamassassin_status, max_score=max_score)


def get_spam_from_header(spam_status_header, max_score=None) -> (bool, str):
    """get spam info from X-Spam-Status header
      Return (is spam, spam status detail).
      The spam_status_header has the following format
      ```No, score=-0.1 required=5.0 tests=DKIM_SIGNED,DKIM_VALID,
    DKIM_VALID_AU,RCVD_IN_DNSWL_BLOCKED,RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H2,SPF_PASS,
    URIBL_BLOCKED autolearn=unavailable autolearn_force=no version=3.4.2```
    """
    # yes or no
    spamassassin_answer = spam_status_header[: spam_status_header.find(",")]

    if max_score:
        # spam score
        # get the score section "score=-0.1"
        score_section = (
            spam_status_header[spam_status_header.find(",") + 1 :].strip().split(" ")[0]
        )
        score = float(score_section[len("score=") :])
        if score >= max_score:
            LOG.warning("Spam score %s exceeds %s", score, max_score)
            return True, spam_status_header

    return spamassassin_answer.lower() == "yes", spam_status_header


def get_header_unicode(header: str) -> str:
    if header is None:
        return ""

    decoded_string, charset = decode_header(header)[0]
    if charset is not None:
        try:
            return decoded_string.decode(charset)
        except UnicodeDecodeError:
            LOG.warning("Cannot decode header %s", header)
        except LookupError:  # charset is unknown
            LOG.warning("Cannot decode %s with %s, use utf-8", decoded_string, charset)
            try:
                return decoded_string.decode("utf-8")
            except UnicodeDecodeError:
                LOG.warning("Cannot UTF-8 decode %s", decoded_string)
                return decoded_string.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")

    return header


def parseaddr_unicode(addr) -> (str, str):
    """Like parseaddr() but return name in unicode instead of in RFC 2047 format
    Should be used instead of parseaddr()
    '=?UTF-8?B?TmjGoW4gTmd1eeG7hW4=?= <abcd@gmail.com>' -> ('Nhơn Nguyễn', "abcd@gmail.com")
    """
    # sometimes linebreaks are present in addr
    addr = addr.replace("\n", "").strip()
    name, email = parseaddr(addr)
    # email can have whitespace so we can't remove whitespace here
    email = email.strip().lower()
    if name:
        name = name.strip()
        try:
            decoded_string, charset = decode_header(name)[0]
        except HeaderParseError:  # fail in case
            LOG.warning("Can't decode name %s", name)
        else:
            if charset is not None:
                try:
                    name = decoded_string.decode(charset)
                except UnicodeDecodeError:
                    LOG.warning("Cannot decode addr name %s", name)
                    name = ""
                except LookupError:  # charset is unknown
                    LOG.warning(
                        "Cannot decode %s with %s, use utf-8", decoded_string, charset
                    )
                    name = decoded_string.decode("utf-8")
            else:
                name = decoded_string

    if type(name) == bytes:
        name = name.decode()
    return name, email


def copy(msg: Message) -> Message:
    """return a copy of message"""
    try:
        return deepcopy(msg)
    except Exception:
        LOG.warning("deepcopy fails, try string parsing")
        try:
            return email.message_from_string(msg.as_string())
        except (UnicodeEncodeError, KeyError, LookupError):
            LOG.warning("as_string() fails, try bytes parsing")
            return email.message_from_bytes(to_bytes(msg))


def to_bytes(msg: Message):
    """replace Message.as_bytes() method by trying different policies"""
    try:
        return msg.as_bytes()
    except UnicodeEncodeError:
        LOG.warning("as_bytes fails with default policy, try SMTP policy")
        try:
            return msg.as_bytes(policy=email.policy.SMTP)
        except UnicodeEncodeError:
            LOG.warning("as_bytes fails with SMTP policy, try SMTPUTF8 policy")
            try:
                return msg.as_bytes(policy=email.policy.SMTPUTF8)
            except UnicodeEncodeError:
                LOG.warning(
                    "as_bytes fails with SMTPUTF8 policy, try converting to string"
                )
                msg_string = msg.as_string()
                try:
                    return msg_string.encode()
                except UnicodeEncodeError as e:
                    LOG.w("can't encode msg, err:%s", e)
                    return msg_string.encode(errors="replace")


def should_add_dkim_signature(domain: str) -> bool:
    if SLDomain.get_by(domain=domain):
        return True

    custom_domain: CustomDomain = CustomDomain.get_by(domain=domain)
    if custom_domain.dkim_verified:
        return True

    return False


def is_valid_email(email_address: str) -> bool:
    """Used to check whether an email address is valid"""
    return validate_email(
        email_address=email_address, check_mx=False, use_blacklist=False
    )


class EmailEncoding(enum.Enum):
    BASE64 = "base64"
    QUOTED = "quoted-printable"
    NO = "no-encoding"


def get_encoding(msg: Message) -> EmailEncoding:
    """
    Return the message encoding, possible values:
    - quoted-printable
    - base64
    - 7bit: default if unknown or empty
    """
    cte = str(msg.get("content-transfer-encoding", "")).lower()
    if cte in ("", "7bit", "8bit", "binary"):
        return EmailEncoding.NO

    if cte == "base64":
        return EmailEncoding.BASE64

    if cte == "quoted-printable":
        return EmailEncoding.QUOTED

    # some email services use unknown encoding
    if cte in ("amazonses.com",):
        return EmailEncoding.NO

    LOG.exception("Unknown encoding %s", cte)

    return EmailEncoding.NO


def encode_text(text: str, encoding: EmailEncoding = EmailEncoding.NO) -> str:
    if encoding == EmailEncoding.QUOTED:
        encoded = quopri.encodestring(text.encode("utf-8"))
        return str(encoded, "utf-8")
    elif encoding == EmailEncoding.BASE64:
        encoded = base64.b64encode(text.encode("utf-8"))
        return str(encoded, "utf-8")
    else:  # 7bit - no encoding
        return text


def decode_text(text: str, encoding: EmailEncoding = EmailEncoding.NO) -> str:
    if encoding == EmailEncoding.QUOTED:
        decoded = quopri.decodestring(text.encode("utf-8"))
        return decoded.decode(errors="ignore")
    elif encoding == EmailEncoding.BASE64:
        decoded = base64.b64decode(text.encode("utf-8"))
        return decoded.decode(errors="ignore")
    else:  # 7bit - no encoding
        return text


def add_header(msg: Message, text_header, html_header) -> Message:
    content_type = msg.get_content_type().lower()
    if content_type == "text/plain":
        encoding = get_encoding(msg)
        payload = msg.get_payload()
        if type(payload) is str:
            clone_msg = copy(msg)
            new_payload = f"""{text_header}
---
{decode_text(payload, encoding)}"""
            clone_msg.set_payload(encode_text(new_payload, encoding))
            return clone_msg
    elif content_type == "text/html":
        encoding = get_encoding(msg)
        payload = msg.get_payload()
        if type(payload) is str:
            new_payload = f"""<table width="100%" style="width: 100%; -premailer-width: 100%; -premailer-cellpadding: 0;
  -premailer-cellspacing: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;">
    <tr>
        <td style="border-bottom:1px dashed #5675E2; padding: 10px 0px">{html_header}</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>
        {decode_text(payload, encoding)}
        </td>
    </tr>
</table>
"""

            clone_msg = copy(msg)
            clone_msg.set_payload(encode_text(new_payload, encoding))
            return clone_msg
    elif content_type in ("multipart/alternative", "multipart/related"):
        new_parts = []
        for part in msg.get_payload():
            new_parts.append(add_header(part, text_header, html_header))
        clone_msg = copy(msg)
        clone_msg.set_payload(new_parts)
        return clone_msg

    elif content_type in ("multipart/mixed", "multipart/signed"):
        new_parts = []
        parts = list(msg.get_payload())
        LOG.d("only add header for the first part for %s", content_type)
        for ix, part in enumerate(parts):
            if ix == 0:
                new_parts.append(add_header(part, text_header, html_header))
            else:
                new_parts.append(part)

        clone_msg = copy(msg)
        clone_msg.set_payload(new_parts)
        return clone_msg

    LOG.d("No header added for %s", content_type)
    return msg


def replace(msg: Message, old, new) -> Message:
    content_type = msg.get_content_type()

    if (
        content_type.startswith("image/")
        or content_type.startswith("video/")
        or content_type.startswith("audio/")
        or content_type == "multipart/signed"
        or content_type.startswith("application/")
        or content_type == "text/calendar"
        or content_type == "text/directory"
        or content_type == "text/csv"
    ):
        LOG.d("not applicable for %s", content_type)
        return msg

    if content_type in ("text/plain", "text/html"):
        encoding = get_encoding(msg)
        payload = msg.get_payload()
        if type(payload) is str:
            clone_msg = copy(msg)
            new_payload = payload.replace(
                encode_text(old, encoding), encode_text(new, encoding)
            )
            clone_msg.set_payload(new_payload)
            return clone_msg

    elif content_type in (
        "multipart/alternative",
        "multipart/related",
        "multipart/mixed",
        "message/rfc822",
    ):
        new_parts = []
        for part in msg.get_payload():
            new_parts.append(replace(part, old, new))
        clone_msg = copy(msg)
        clone_msg.set_payload(new_parts)
        return clone_msg

    LOG.exception("Cannot replace text for %s", msg.get_content_type())
    return msg


def generate_reply_email(contact_email: str, user: User) -> str:
    """
    generate a reply_email (aka reverse-alias), make sure it isn't used by any contact
    """
    # shorten email to avoid exceeding the 64 characters
    # from https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321#section-4.5.3
    # "The maximum total length of a user name or other local-part is 64
    #    octets."

    include_sender_in_reverse_alias = False

    # user has set this option explicitly
    if user.include_sender_in_reverse_alias is not None:
        include_sender_in_reverse_alias = user.include_sender_in_reverse_alias

    if include_sender_in_reverse_alias and contact_email:
        # control char: 4 chars (ra+, +)
        # random suffix: max 10 chars
        # maximum: 64

        # make sure contact_email can be ascii-encoded
        contact_email = convert_to_id(contact_email)
        contact_email = sanitize_email(contact_email)
        contact_email = contact_email[:45]
        contact_email = contact_email.replace("@", ".at.")
        contact_email = convert_to_alphanumeric(contact_email)

    # not use while to avoid infinite loop
    for _ in range(1000):
        if include_sender_in_reverse_alias and contact_email:
            random_length = random.randint(5, 10)
            reply_email = (
                f"ra+{contact_email}+{random_string(random_length)}@{EMAIL_DOMAIN}"
            )
        else:
            random_length = random.randint(20, 50)
            reply_email = f"ra+{random_string(random_length)}@{EMAIL_DOMAIN}"

        if not Contact.get_by(reply_email=reply_email):
            return reply_email

    raise Exception("Cannot generate reply email")


def is_reply_email(address: str) -> bool:
    return address.startswith("reply+") or address.startswith("ra+")


# allow also + and @ that are present in a reply address
_ALLOWED_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_-.+@"


def normalize_reply_email(reply_email: str) -> str:
    """Handle the case where reply email contains *strange* char that was wrongly generated in the past"""
    if not reply_email.isascii():
        reply_email = convert_to_id(reply_email)

    ret = []
    # drop all control characters like shift, separator, etc
    for c in reply_email:
        if c not in _ALLOWED_CHARS:
            ret.append("_")
        else:
            ret.append(c)

    return "".join(ret)


def should_disable(alias: Alias) -> bool:
    """Disable an alias if it has too many bounces recently"""
    # Bypass the bounce rule
    if alias.cannot_be_disabled:
        LOG.warning("%s cannot be disabled", alias)
        return False

    yesterday = arrow.now().shift(days=-1)
    nb_bounced_last_24h = (
        db.session.query(EmailLog)
        .filter(
            EmailLog.bounced.is_(True),
            EmailLog.is_reply.is_(False),
            EmailLog.created_at > yesterday,
        )
        .filter(EmailLog.alias_id == alias.id)
        .count()
    )
    # if more than 12 bounces in 24h -> disable alias
    if nb_bounced_last_24h > 12:
        LOG.d("more than 12 bounces in the last 24h, disable alias %s", alias)
        return True

    # if more than 5 bounces but has bounces last week -> disable alias
    elif nb_bounced_last_24h > 5:
        one_week_ago = arrow.now().shift(days=-8)
        nb_bounced_7d_1d = (
            db.session.query(EmailLog)
            .filter(
                EmailLog.bounced.is_(True),
                EmailLog.is_reply.is_(False),
                EmailLog.created_at > one_week_ago,
                EmailLog.created_at < yesterday,
            )
            .filter(EmailLog.alias_id == alias.id)
            .count()
        )
        if nb_bounced_7d_1d > 1:
            LOG.debug(
                "more than 5 bounces in the last 24h and more than 1 bounces in the last 7 days, "
                "disable alias %s",
                alias,
            )
            return True
    else:
        # alias level
        # if bounces at least 9 days in the last 10 days -> disable alias
        query = (
            db.session.query(
                func.date(EmailLog.created_at).label("date"),
                func.count(EmailLog.id).label("count"),
            )
            .filter(EmailLog.alias_id == alias.id)
            .filter(
                EmailLog.created_at > arrow.now().shift(days=-10),
                EmailLog.bounced.is_(True),
                EmailLog.is_reply.is_(False),
            )
            .group_by("date")
        )

        if query.count() >= 9:
            LOG.d(
                "Bounces every day for at least 9 days in the last 10 days, disable alias %s",
                alias,
            )
            return True

        # account level
        query = (
            db.session.query(
                func.date(EmailLog.created_at).label("date"),
                func.count(EmailLog.id).label("count"),
            )
            .filter(EmailLog.user_id == alias.user_id)
            .filter(
                EmailLog.created_at > arrow.now().shift(days=-10),
                EmailLog.bounced.is_(True),
                EmailLog.is_reply.is_(False),
            )
            .group_by("date")
        )

        # if an account has more than 10 bounces every day for at least 4 days in the last 10 days, disable alias
        date_bounces: List[Tuple[arrow.Arrow, int]] = list(query)
        if len(date_bounces) > 4:
            if all([v > 10 for _, v in date_bounces]):
                LOG.d(
                    "+10 bounces for +4 days in the last 10 days on %s, disable alias %s",
                    alias.user,
                    alias,
                )
            return True

    return False


def parse_id_from_bounce(email_address: str) -> int:
    return int(email_address[email_address.find("+") : email_address.rfind("+")])


_IP_HEADER = "X-SimpleLogin-Client-IP"


def spf_pass(
    envelope,
    mailbox: Mailbox,
    user: User,
    alias: Alias,
    contact_email: str,
    msg: Message,
) -> bool:
    ip = msg[_IP_HEADER]
    if ip:
        LOG.d("Enforce SPF on %s %s", ip, envelope.mail_from)
        try:
            r = spf.check2(i=ip, s=envelope.mail_from, h=None)
        except Exception:
            LOG.exception("SPF error, mailbox %s, ip %s", mailbox.email, ip)
        else:
            # TODO: Handle temperr case (e.g. dns timeout)
            # only an absolute pass, or no SPF policy at all is 'valid'
            if r[0] not in ["pass", "none"]:
                LOG.w(
                    "SPF fail for mailbox %s, reason %s, failed IP %s",
                    mailbox.email,
                    r[0],
                    ip,
                )
                subject = get_header_unicode(msg["Subject"])
                send_email_with_rate_control(
                    user,
                    ALERT_SPF,
                    mailbox.email,
                    f"SimpleLogin Alert: attempt to send emails from your alias {alias.email} from unknown IP Address",
                    render(
                        "transactional/spf-fail.txt",
                        alias=alias.email,
                        ip=ip,
                        mailbox_url=URL + f"/dashboard/mailbox/{mailbox.id}#spf",
                        to_email=contact_email,
                        subject=subject,
                        time=arrow.now(),
                    ),
                    render(
                        "transactional/spf-fail.html",
                        ip=ip,
                        mailbox_url=URL + f"/dashboard/mailbox/{mailbox.id}#spf",
                        to_email=contact_email,
                        subject=subject,
                        time=arrow.now(),
                    ),
                )
                return False

    else:
        LOG.w(
            "Could not find %s header %s -> %s",
            _IP_HEADER,
            mailbox.email,
            contact_email,
        )

    return True


def sl_sendmail(
    from_addr,
    to_addr,
    msg: Message,
    mail_options,
    rcpt_options,
    is_forward: bool,
    can_retry=True,
):
    """replace smtp.sendmail"""
    if NOT_SEND_EMAIL:
        LOG.d(
            "send email with subject '%s', from '%s' to '%s'",
            msg["Subject"],
            msg["From"],
            msg["To"],
        )
        return

    try:
        if POSTFIX_SUBMISSION_TLS:
            smtp = SMTP(POSTFIX_SERVER, 587)
            smtp.starttls()
        else:
            if is_forward:
                smtp = SMTP(POSTFIX_SERVER, POSTFIX_PORT_FORWARD)
            else:
                smtp = SMTP(POSTFIX_SERVER, POSTFIX_PORT)

        # smtp.send_message has UnicodeEncodeError
        # encode message raw directly instead
        LOG.d(
            "Sendmail mail_from:%s, rcpt_to:%s, header_from:%s, header_to:%s, header_cc:%s",
            from_addr,
            to_addr,
            msg["From"],
            msg["To"],
            msg["Cc"],
        )
        smtp.sendmail(
            from_addr,
            to_addr,
            to_bytes(msg),
            mail_options,
            rcpt_options,
        )
    except SMTPServerDisconnected:
        if can_retry:
            LOG.w("SMTPServerDisconnected error, retry")
            time.sleep(3)
            sl_sendmail(
                from_addr,
                to_addr,
                msg,
                mail_options,
                rcpt_options,
                is_forward,
                can_retry=False,
            )
        else:
            raise


def get_queue_id(msg: Message) -> Optional[str]:
    """Get the Postfix queue-id from a message"""
    received_header = str(msg["Received"])
    if not received_header:
        return

    # received_header looks like 'from mail-wr1-x434.google.com (mail-wr1-x434.google.com [IPv6:2a00:1450:4864:20::434])\r\n\t(using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (128/128 bits))\r\n\t(No client certificate requested)\r\n\tby mx1.simplelogin.co (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 4FxQmw1DXdz2vK2\r\n\tfor <jglfdjgld@alias.com>; Fri,  4 Jun 2021 14:55:43 +0000 (UTC)'
    search_result = re.search("with ESMTPS id [0-9a-zA-Z]{1,}", received_header)
    if not search_result:
        return

    # the "with ESMTPS id 4FxQmw1DXdz2vK2" part
    with_esmtps = received_header[search_result.start() : search_result.end()]

    return with_esmtps[len("with ESMTPS id ") :]


def should_ignore_bounce(mail_from: str) -> bool:
    if IgnoreBounceSender.get_by(mail_from=mail_from):
        LOG.w("do not send back bounce report to %s", mail_from)
        return True

    return False