fd/doc/fd.1

.TH FD 1
.SH NAME
fd \- find entries in the filesystem
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B fd
.RB [ \-HIEsiaLp0hV ]
.RB [ \-d
.IR depth ]
.RB [ \-t
.IR filetype ]
.RB [ \-e
.IR ext ]
.RB [ \-E
.IR exclude ]
.RB [ \-c
.IR when ]
.RB [ \-j
.IR num ]
.RB [ \-x
.IR cmd ]
.RI [ pattern ]
.RI [ path... ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B fd
is a simple, fast and user-friendly alternative to
.BR find (1).
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.B \-H, \-\-hidden
Include hidden files and directories in the search results
(default: hidden files and directories are skipped). The flag can be overridden with '--no-hidden'.
.TP
.B \-I, \-\-no\-ignore
Show search results from files and directories that would otherwise be ignored by
.IR .gitignore ,
.IR .ignore ,
.IR .fdignore ,
or the global ignore file.
The flag can be overridden with '--ignore'.
.TP
.B \-u, \-\-unrestricted
Alias for '--no-ignore'. Can be repeated; '-uu' is an alias for '--no-ignore --hidden'.
.TP
.B \-\-no\-ignore\-vcs
Show search results from files and directories that would otherwise be ignored by
.I .gitignore
files.
The flag can be overridden with '--ignore-vcs'.
.TP
.B \-s, \-\-case\-sensitive
Perform a case-sensitive search. By default, fd uses case-insensitive searches, unless the
pattern contains an uppercase character (smart case).
.TP
.B \-i, \-\-ignore\-case
Perform a case-insensitive search. By default, fd uses case-insensitive searches, unless the
pattern contains an uppercase character (smart case).
.TP
.B \-g, \-\-glob
Perform a glob-based search instead of a regular expression search.
If combined with the '\-\-full-path' option, '**' can be used to match multiple path components.
.TP
.B \-\-regex
Perform a regular-expression based search (default). This can be used to override --glob.
.TP
.B \-F, \-\-fixed\-strings
Treat the pattern as a literal string instead of a regular expression. Note that this also
performs substring comparison. If you want to match on an exact filename, consider using '\-\-glob'.
.TP
.B \-a, \-\-absolute\-path
Shows the full path starting from the root as opposed to relative paths.
The flag can be overridden with '--relative-path'.
.TP
.B \-l, \-\-list\-details
Use a detailed listing format like 'ls -l'. This is basically an alias
for '--exec-batch ls -l' with some additional 'ls' options. This can be used
to see more metadata, to show symlink targets and to achieve a deterministic
sort order.
.TP
.B \-L, \-\-follow
By default, fd does not descend into symlinked directories. Using this flag, symbolic links are
also traversed. The flag can be overridden with '--no-follow'.
.TP
.B \-p, \-\-full\-path
By default, the search pattern is only matched against the filename (or directory name). Using
this flag, the
.I pattern
is matched against the full path.
.TP
.B \-0, \-\-print0
Separate search results by the null character (instead of newlines). Useful for piping results to
.IR xargs .
.TP
.B \-\-max\-results count
Limit the number of search results to 'count' and quit immediately.
.TP
.B \-1
Limit the search to a single result and quit immediately. This is an alias for '--max-results=1'.
.TP
.B \-\-show-errors
Enable the display of filesystem errors for situations such as insufficient
permissions or dead symlinks.
.TP
.B \-\-one\-file\-system, \-\-mount, \-\-xdev
By default, fd will traverse the file system tree as far as other options dictate. With this flag, fd ensures that it does not descend into a different file system than the one it started in. Comparable to the -mount or -xdev filters of find(1).
.TP
.B \-h, \-\-help
Print help information.
.TP
.B \-V, \-\-version
Print version information.
.TP
.BI "\-d, \-\-max\-depth " d
Limit directory traversal to at most
.I d
levels of depth. By default, there is no limit on the search depth.
.TP
.BI "\-\-min\-depth " d
Only show search results starting at the given depth. See also: '--max-depth' and '--exact-depth'.
.TP
.BI "\-\-exact\-depth " d
Only show search results at the exact given depth. This is an alias for '--min-depth <depth> --max-depth <depth>'.
.TP
.B \-\-prune
Do not traverse into matching directories.
.TP
.BI "\-t, \-\-type " filetype
Filter search by type:
.RS
.IP "f, file"
regular files
.IP "d, directory"
directories
.IP "l, symlink"
symbolic links
.IP "x, executable"
executable (files)
.IP "e, empty"
empty files or directories
.IP "s, socket"
sockets
.IP "p, pipe"
named pipes (FIFOs)
.RE

.RS
This option can be used repeatedly to allow for multiple file types.
.RE
.TP
.BI "\-e, \-\-extension " ext
Filter search results by file extension
.IR ext .
This option can be used repeatedly to allow for multiple possible file extensions.

If you want to search for files without extension, you can use the regex '^[^.]+$'
as a normal search pattern.
.TP
.BI "\-E, \-\-exclude " pattern
Exclude files/directories that match the given glob pattern.
This overrides any other ignore logic.
Multiple exclude patterns can be specified.
Examples:
  \-\-exclude '*.pyc'
  \-\-exclude node_modules
.TP
.BI "\-\-ignore-file " path
Add a custom ignore-file in '.gitignore' format.
These files have a low precedence.
.TP
.BI "\-c, \-\-color " when
Declare
.I when
to colorize search results:
.RS
.IP auto
Colorize output when standard output is connected to terminal (default).
.IP never
Do not colorize output.
.IP always
Always colorize output.
.RE
.TP
.BI "\-j, \-\-threads " num
Set number of threads to use for searching & executing (default: number of available CPU cores).
.TP
.BI "\-S, \-\-size " size
Limit results based on the size of files using the format
.I <+-><NUM><UNIT>
.RS
.IP '+'
file size must be greater than or equal to this
.IP '-'
file size must be less than or equal to this
.P
If neither '+' nor '-' is specified, file size must be exactly equal to this.
.IP 'NUM'
The numeric size (e.g. 500)
.IP 'UNIT'
The units for NUM. They are not case-sensitive.
Allowed unit values:
.RS
.IP 'b'
bytes
.IP 'k'
kilobytes (base ten, 10^3 = 1000 bytes)
.IP 'm'
megabytes
.IP 'g'
gigabytes
.IP 't'
terabytes
.IP 'ki'
kibibytes (base two, 2^10 = 1024 bytes)
.IP 'mi'
mebibytes
.IP 'gi'
gibibytes
.IP 'ti'
tebibytes
.RE
.RE
.TP
.BI "\-\-changed-within " date|duration
Filter results based on the file modification time.
Files with modification times greater than or equal to the argument will be returned.
The argument can be provided as a duration (\fI10h, 1d, 35min\fR) or as a specific point
in time in either full RFC3339 format with time zone, or as a date or datetime in the
local time zone (\fIYYYY-MM-DD\fR or \fIYYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS\fR).
.B --change-newer-than
can be used as an alias.

Examples:
  \-\-changed-within 2weeks
  \-\-change-newer-than "2018-10-27 10:00:00"
.TP
.BI "\-\-changed-before " date|duration
Filter results based on the file modification time.
Files with modification times less than or equal to the argument will be returned.
The argument can be provided as a duration (\fI10h, 1d, 35min\fR) or as a specific point
in time in either full RFC3339 format with time zone, or as a date or datetime in the
local time zone (\fIYYYY-MM-DD\fR or \fIYYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS\fR).
.B --change-older-than
can be used as an alias.

Examples:
  \-\-changed-before "2018-10-27 10:00:00"
  \-\-change-older-than 2weeks
.TP
.BI "-o, \-\-owner " [user][:group]
Filter files by their user and/or group. Format: [(user|uid)][:(group|gid)]. Either side
is optional. Precede either side with a '!' to exclude files instead.

Examples:
  \-\-owner john
  \-\-owner :students
  \-\-owner "!john:students"
.TP
.BI "\-\-base\-directory " path
Change the current working directory of fd to the provided path. This means that search results will
be shown with respect to the given base path. Note that relative paths which are passed to fd via the
positional \fIpath\fR argument or the \fB\-\-search\-path\fR option will also be resolved relative to
this directory.
.TP
.BI "\-\-path\-separator " separator
Set the path separator to use when printing file paths. The default is the OS-specific separator
('/' on Unix, '\\' on Windows).
.TP
.BI "\-\-search\-path " search\-path
Provide paths to search as an alternative to the positional \fIpath\fR argument. Changes the usage to
\'fd [FLAGS/OPTIONS] \-\-search\-path PATH \-\-search\-path PATH2 [PATTERN]\'
.TP
.BI "\-x, \-\-exec " command
.RS
Execute
.I command
for each search result in parallel (use --threads=1 for sequential command execution).

Note that all subsequent positional arguments are considered to be arguments to the
.I command
- not to fd.
It is therefore recommended to place the \-x/\-\-exec option last. Alternatively, you can supply
a ';' argument to end the argument list and continue with more fd options.
Most shells require ';' to be escaped: '\\;'.

The following placeholders are substituted before the command is executed:
.RS
.IP {}
path (of the current search result)
.IP {/}
basename
.IP {//}
parent directory
.IP {.}
path without file extension
.IP {/.}
basename without file extension
.RE

If no placeholder is present, an implicit "{}" at the end is assumed.

Examples:

  - find all *.zip files and unzip them:

        fd -e zip -x unzip

  - find *.h and *.cpp files and run "clang-format -i .." for each of them:

        fd -e h -e cpp -x clang-format -i

  - Convert all *.jpg files to *.png files:

        fd -e jpg -x convert {} {.}.png
.RE
.TP
.BI "\-X, \-\-exec-batch " command
.RS
Execute
.I command
once, with all search results as arguments.
One of the following placeholders is substituted before the command is executed:
.RS
.IP {}
path (of all search results)
.IP {/}
basename
.IP {//}
parent directory
.IP {.}
path without file extension
.IP {/.}
basename without file extension
.RE

If no placeholder is present, an implicit "{}" at the end is assumed.

Examples:

  - Find all test_*.py files and open them in your favorite editor:

        fd -g 'test_*.py' -X vim

    Note that this executes a single "vim" process with all search results as arguments.

  - Find all *.rs files and count the lines with "wc -l ...":

        fd -e rs -X wc -l
.RE

.SH PATTERN SYNTAX
The regular expression syntax used by fd is documented here:

    https://docs.rs/regex/1.0.0/regex/#syntax

The glob syntax is documented here:

    https://docs.rs/globset/#syntax
.SH ENVIRONMENT
.TP
.B LS_COLORS
Determines how to colorize search results, see
.BR dircolors (1) .
.TP
.B NO_COLOR
Disables colorized output.
.TP
.B XDG_CONFIG_HOME, HOME
Used to locate the global ignore file. If
.B XDG_CONFIG_HOME
is set, use
.IR $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/fd/ignore .
Otherwise, use
.IR $HOME/.config/fd/ignore .
.SH EXAMPLES
.TP
.RI "Find files and directories that match the pattern '" needle "':"
$ fd needle
.TP
.RI "Start a search in a given directory (" /var/log "):"
$ fd nginx /var/log
.TP
.RI "Find all Python files (all files with the extension " .py ") in the current directory:"
$ fd -e py
.TP
.RI "Open all search results with vim:"
$ fd pattern -X vim
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR find (1)