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# Apt Extended
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## équivalences
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| Commande apt | équivalent apt-get / dpkg / apt-cache / aptitude | Commentaire |
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| :-- | :-- | :-- |
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| apt autoclean | apt-get autoclean | Effacer tous les fichiers de paquets indisponibles (voir ci-dessous) du cache local |
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| apt autoremove | apt-get autoremove | Supprimer tous les paquets inutilisés et installés automatiquement |
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| apt build | dpkg-buildpackage | Construire des packages binaires ou sources, à partir des sources |
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| apt build-dep | | Construire les dépendances pour les packages sources |
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| apt changelog | apt-get changelog | Afficher les changelogs des paquets |
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| apt check | apt-get check | Vérifier qu'il n'y a pas de dépendances rompues |
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| apt clean | apt-get clean | Supprimer tous les paquets du cache local |
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| apt contains | dpkg-query --search | Lister les paquets contenant les fichiers spécifiés |
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| apt content | dpkg-query --listfiles | Lister les fichiers contenus dans des paquets |
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| apt deb | dpkg -i | Installer des paquets .deb |
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| apt depends | apt-cache depends | Afficher les informations brutes de dépendance pour les paquets |
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| apt diversion | dpkg-divert --list | Lister tous les "déviations" (une chaîne peut être passée pour limiter la liste) |
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| apt divert | dpkg-divert --add --rename --divert .divert | "Dévier" un fichier |
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| apt download | - | Charger des paquets, dépendances inclues |
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| apt dselect-upgrade | apt-get dselect-upgrade | Suivre des sélections dselect |
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| apt edit-sources | apt.divert edit-sources | Editer /etc/apt/sources.list avec son éditeur de texte favori |
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| apt fetch [-u] | apt-get download [-u] | Charger des paquets SANS dépendances - option: unpack |
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| apt fix | dpkg --configure --pending; apt-get install --fix-broken | Essayer de réparer les paquets cassés et/ou mal configurés |
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| apt full-upgrade | apt-get dist-upgrade | Faire une mise à niveau, en profondeur, en installant/supprimant éventuellement des paquets |
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| apt held | dpkg --get-selections %%|%% grep hold | List tous les paquets épinglés |
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| apt hold | for I in ; do dpkg --set-selections <<<"$I hold"; done | Epingler des paquets |
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| apt install | apt-get install | Installer ou mettre à jour des paquets |
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| apt installed | apt.divert list --installed | Lister des paquets installés, tous si aucun nom n'est spécifié |
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| apt list | apt.divert list | Lister les paquets disponibles, tous si pas de noms spécifiés |
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| apt policy | apt-cache policy | Afficher la stratégie des paquets |
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| apt purge | apt-get purge | Supprimer les paquets ET leurs fichiers de configuration |
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| apt rdepends | apt-cache rdepends | Afficher les informations de dépendances inverses pour des paquets |
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| apt reinstall | apt-get install --reinstall | Réinstaller des paquets déjà installéss |
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| apt remove | apt-get remove | Supprimer des paquets |
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| apt repair | dpkg --configure --pending; apt-get install --fix-broken | Essayer de réparer les paquets cassés/mal configurés |
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| apt search | aptitude search | Rechercher des paquets par nom et/ou expression |
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| apt show | aptitude show | Afficher des informations détaillées sur des paquets |
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| apt source | apt-get source | Charger les sources |
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| apt stats | apt-cache stats | Afficher des informations sur le cache |
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| apt sync [-a] [-c] | apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade | Mise à jour et mise à niveau et optionellement, -autoremove et/ou clean |
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| apt unavailable | apt-show-versions %%|%% sed -n 's/%%^%%\(\S*\):.* .* available .*$/\1/p' | Lister des paquets installés indisponibles dans un dépôt |
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| apt undivert [-b] | ? | Un-"dévier" un fichier ou tous les fichiers "déviés" par le paquet mentionné |
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| apt unhold | for I in ; do dpkg --set-selections <<<"$I install"; done | Dés-épingler des paquets |
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| apt update | apt-get update | Charger les listes de paquets nouveaux/mis à jour |
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| apt upgradable | apt.divert list --upgradable | Lister des paquets pouvant être mis à niveau, tous si aucun nom spécifié |
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| apt upgrade | apt-get upgrade | Effectuer une mise à niveau sûre |
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| apt version | LANG=C apt-cache policy %%|%% sed -n 's/%%^%% *Installed: \(.*\)$/\1/p' | Afficher la version installée des paquets |
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Si une commande prend des arguments tels que des noms de paquets ou de fichiers, plusieurs arguments peuvent être donnés, sauf si cela n'a aucun sens (ou si la commande concerne une "dérivation").
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Toutes les commandes liées à la mise à niveau peuvent prendre une option -v, pour une liste plus détaillée des paquets à mettre à niveau.
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# install firefox-latest (release)
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## téléchargement, décompression
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```shell
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### user ###
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# on travaille dans le répertoire temp
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mkdir /tmp/xxxFirefox
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cd /tmp/xxxFirefox
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# Quelle architecture ?
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if [ "$(dpkg --print-architecture)" = "amd64" ]; then arch='linux64'; else arch='linux'; fi
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# on charge
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wget -O firefox-latest.fr.$arch.tar.bz2 "https://download.mozilla.org/?product=firefox-latest&os=$arch&lang=fr"
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# on décompresse
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tar -xaf firefox-latest.fr.$arch.tar.bz2
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# on efface le téléchargement
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rm firefox-latest.fr.$arch.tar.bz2
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```
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##lanceur desktop
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```shell
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cat << "EOF" >> firefox-latest.desktop
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[Desktop Entry]
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Encoding=UTF-8
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Name=Firefox latest
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Name[fr]=Firefox latest
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GenericName=Web Browser
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GenericName[fr]=Navigateur Web
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Comment=Browse the World Wide Web
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Comment[fr]=Naviguer sur le World Wide Web
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Type=Application
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Terminal=false
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Icon=/opt/firefox-latest/browser/icons/mozicon128.png
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StartupNotify=true
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Categories=Network;WebBrowser;
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X-GNOME-FullName=Firefox latest
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X-GNOME-FullName[fr]=Firefox latest
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Exec=/opt/firefox-latest/firefox -p firefox-latest -no-remote %u
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Terminal=false
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X-MultipleArgs=false
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Type=Application
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Categories=Network;WebBrowser;
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MimeType=text/html;text/xml;application/xhtml+xml;application/xml;application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml;application/rss+xml;application/rdf+xml;image/gif;image/jpeg;image/png;x-scheme-handler/http;x-scheme-handler/https;
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StartupWMClass=Firefox-latest
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StartupNotify=true
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EOF
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```
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## Vérifications
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```shell
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# vérification si profil par défaut :
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ls ~/.mozilla/firefox/
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# couramment, on doit voir:
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##: Crash Reports profiles.ini user.default
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# vérification si un seul profil :
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cat ~/.mozilla/firefox/profiles.ini | grep --color -iE "\[Profile.?\]"
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# couramment on voit seulement [Profile], on incrémentera donc de 1, soit [Profile1]:
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# on copie le répertoire par défaut en firefox-latest (nouveau profil)
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cp -R ~/.mozilla/firefox/user.default/ ~/.mozilla/firefox/firefox-latest
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```
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##un nouveau profil
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ajout au dernier profil existant ([Profile1] à modifier si besoin)
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```shell
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cat << "EOF" >> ~/.mozilla/firefox/profiles.ini
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[Profile1]
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Name=firefox-latest
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IsRelative=1
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Path=firefox-latest
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EOF
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```
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## installation
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```shell
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su
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# on crée /opt si inexistant
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mkdir /opt/firefox-latest
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# on déplace le répertoire de firefox
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mv firefox /opt//firefox-latest/
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# on déplace le lanceur desktop
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mv -f firefox-latest.desktop /usr/share/applications/
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# on sort du root
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exit
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# on retourne dans son home
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cd ~
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# on supprime le répertoire temporaire
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rm -R /tmp/xxxFirefox/
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```
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## modification lanceur original
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**SI** firefox autre version installée et à conserver, **SINON** on bypasse cette portion
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```shell
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su
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# on cherche la localisation du lanceur initial firefox installé
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localisation=$(find /usr/share/applications/ -name 'firefox*.desktop')
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# on affiche pour vérifier
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echo $localisation
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# std: /usr/share/applications/firefox-esr.desktop
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#SINON continer manuellement en analysant le pourquoi
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#on ajoute l'option d'appel permettant plusieurs sessions simultanées sur le lanceur originel
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sed -i "s/\(firefox-esr \)\(%u.*\)/\1-p firefox-latest -no-remote \2/" $localisation
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exit
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```
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## update-alternatives :
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si adoption
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```shell
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#A venir, si utile
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```
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## désinstallation éventuelle de la version Debian
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```shell
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su
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# on purge la version Debian, le profil intial étant copié dans latest-firefox
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apt purge firefox-esr-l10n-fr firefox-esr-l10n-fr
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```
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# accès ssh
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## activer serveur
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installer le paquet du serveur ssh
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```
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su
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apt install openssh-server
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```
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connaitre ip du serveur: `ip -4 a`
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## accès du client
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pour se connecter sur le root du serveur distant
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```
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ssh ssh root@ipServeur
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```
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pour se connecter sur un user du serveur distant
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```
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ssh user@ipServeur
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```
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exemple, 1ère connection
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```
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The authenticity of host '192.168.1.110 (192.168.1.110)' can't be established.
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ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:JGdDOGFf2MkfVk1Cr6uNrw6GjcKAoKnke9WA0z5uI1A.
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Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? y
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Please type 'yes' or 'no': yes
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Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.110' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
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kyodev@192.168.1.110's password:
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Linux tosh 4.9.0-3-686-pae #1 SMP Debian 4.9.30-1 (2017-06-04) i686
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The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
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the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
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individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
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Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
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permitted by applicable law.
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su -
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par défaut, le serveur ssh interdit à root de se connecter
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donc faut se connecter en user, puis passer root
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nmap '192.168.1.*'
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très long
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nmap -T4 -sP 192.168.1.0/24
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rapide mais pas de hostname
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nmap -T4 -sP 192.168.1.*
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idem
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mkdir /home/famille2
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chown famille2: /home/famille2
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chmod 755 /home/famille2
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cp /etc/skel/* /home/famille2
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chown famille2: /home/famille2/*
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apt install john
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john /etc/shadow
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To enable the XDMCP server in LightDM edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf and add the following section:
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[XDMCPServer]
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enabled=true
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Then restart LightDM with sudo restart lightdm from a text console (logout from any graphical sessions first).
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You can set the XDM-AUTHENTICATION-1 key by setting key=value (value is in the same format as is used in the X -cookie option). If the key is not set then no authentication is used.
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You can change the UDP/IP port by setting port=1234.
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All the available LightDM settings are shown in the example configuration in /usr/share/doc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.
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@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
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# howto install Solyd with chroot, without cd-rom drive
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useful on debian based system, if you haven't a cd-rom drive, or you can't boot from it, or as basic principle to install on uefi system.
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## preliminary
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you must adapt:
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* your downloaded iso: /home/_chargements/_isos/solyd/solydx32_201306.iso
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(with 2013.06, you have kernel 3.2, with 2013.08 kernel 3.9, with 2013.09 kernel 3.10)
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* target partition: /dev/sda10
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* eventualy, mounting point: /mnt/iso /mnt/target
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* new user: kyodev
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* your text editor : geany, replace with kate, mousepad, kwrite, gedit ...
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* your localization: fr
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## mount iso file
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```
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su # obtain root privileges
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# create mounting points
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mkdir /mnt/iso
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mkdir /mnt/target
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chmod o+r+X /mnt/target
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# choose your correct iso
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mount -t iso9660 /home/_chargements/_isos/solyd/solydx32_201306.iso /mnt/iso
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# verify squashfs filesystem location
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# before 08.2013:
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# ls /mnt/iso/casper/filesystem.squashfs
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# since 08.2013:
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ls /mnt/iso/solydxk/filesystem.squashfs
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#mount target partition
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mount /dev/sda10 /mnt/target
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# apt-get install squashfs-tools # eventualy, sometimes unsquashfs isn't installed, LM15 by example
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# uncompress squashfs filesystems; it will take few times
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unsquashfs -f -d /mnt/target /mnt/iso/solydxk/filesystem.squashfs
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```
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now you have iso system on your target partition
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## preparation new system outside chroot
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```shell
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cp /etc/fstab /mnt/target/etc/fstab
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# adapt fstab with future system
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blkid ; geany /mnt/target/etc/fstab
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# eventualy correct sources.list with stable or if older
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geany /mnt/target/etc/apt/sources.list
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# not necessary, possible description adaptation, for grub menu
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# change DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION SolydXK to SolydX or SolydK
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geany /mnt/target/etc/lsb-release
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# change machine name
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geany /mnt/target/etc/hostname
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geany /mnt/target/etc/hosts
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# for solydX, remove auto-login for solydxk user, lines near 78:
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# 'autologin-user=solydxk'
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# 'autologin-user-timeout=0'
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# will be:
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# '#autologin-user=solydxk'
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# '#autologin-user-timeout=0'
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# or
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# 'autologin-user=kyodev'
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# 'autologin-user-timeout=0'
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geany /mnt/target/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf
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# connection preparation for chroot
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cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/target/etc/resolv.conf
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```
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now you are ready to chroot (enter in your futre system)
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## chroot
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```shell
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mount --bind /dev /mnt/target/dev
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mount --bind /run /mnt/target/run
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chroot /mnt/target
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mount -t proc none /proc ; mount -t sysfs none /sys ; mount -t devpts none /dev/pts
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# verify your chroot is ok, correct fstab by example: cat /etc/fstab and mount
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```
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## configuration
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now you are inside, you can adapt and prepare your future system, by example:
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```shell
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apt-get update
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### localization of future system
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# choose en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 (already selected) fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8, adapt fr with your country
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# default locale fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8
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export LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8
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dpkg-reconfigure locales
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# verify that en, en_US.UTF-8, fr fr_FR.UTF-8 are already selected, adapt fr with your country
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apt install localepurge
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# https://wiki.debian.org/Keyboard
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dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
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# timeZone
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dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
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# adapt ln=fr, with your country; ln=it for example.
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ln=fr
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# for soldK KDE
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# unnecessary for solydX XFCE
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apt-get -y install kde-l10n-$ln
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# eventualy, localize applications
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apt install firefox-l10n-$ln
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apt install thunderbird-l10n-$ln
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apt install libreoffice-l10n-$ln
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# remove live user
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deluser solydxk; groupdel solydxk
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rm -fr /home/solydxk
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# create new user
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adduser kyodev
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# add newuser to common groups (addgroup user group)
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#/!\ warning 2 lines to copy/paste
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for i in sys adm lp dialout cdrom floppy sudo audio dip video \
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plugdev netdev lpadmin sambashare; do addgroup kyodev $i; done
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# define a new password for root
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passwd root
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# purge file
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rm /boot/grub/device.map
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touch /boot/grub/device.map
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# update grub, verify that live boot options in /etc/default/grun are correct
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grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
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# eventualy install now as master grub,
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# grub-install /dev/sda
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# possible also: rm /boot/grub/grub.cfg and update-grub later.
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# in this case, grub.cfg of grub master will be made with /dev/sda11
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# if exists and installed, verify: apt policy extlinux
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# update uuid i extlinux
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# extlinux-update
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# remove unnecessary packages
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apt purge plymouth*
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rm -fr /usr/share/plymouth
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||||
apt purge virtualbox*
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rm /usr/share/app-install/*/virtualbox.*
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rm /usr/share/solydxk/softwaremanager/installed/virtualbox*
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apt purge live-*
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rm -fr /usr/lib/live-installer
|
||||
rm /etc/rc*.d/*live-installer
|
||||
rm /var/tmp/live-installer-face.png
|
||||
|
||||
apt purge ndiswrapper-dkms ndiswrapper-common ndiswrapper-utils-1.9
|
||||
|
||||
apt purge steam*
|
||||
|
||||
# see kbuild installed
|
||||
dpkg -l linux-kbuild-*
|
||||
|
||||
# remove unnecessary, example: linux-kbuild-3.2 linux-kbuild-3.9 for 2913.09 isos:
|
||||
# apt purge linux-kbuild-3.2 linux-kbuild-3.9
|
||||
# example to adapt
|
||||
|
||||
# verify your correct architecture installed to future upgrades
|
||||
# for example, you must have for 486:
|
||||
# i linux-headers-486
|
||||
# i linux-image-486
|
||||
# install or remove if necessary
|
||||
apt search linux | egrep '(linux-image|linux-headers)-(486|686|amd64)'
|
||||
|
||||
# for Kde
|
||||
# example to adapt
|
||||
apt purge konqueror kopete kppp kaddressbook ktorrent libktorrent-l10n ktorrent-data
|
||||
|
||||
apt autoremove
|
||||
apt purge `deborphan`
|
||||
|
||||
# few settings
|
||||
echo 'vm.swappiness=5' >> /etc/sysctl.d/local_custom.conf
|
||||
echo 'vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50' >> /etc/sysctl.d/local_custom.conf
|
||||
echo 'vm.dirty_background_ratio=15' >> /etc/sysctl.d/local_custom.conf
|
||||
echo 'vm.dirty_ratio=30' >> /etc/sysctl.d/local_custom.conf
|
||||
```
|
||||
now, your system is ready
|
||||
|
||||
## unchroot
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
umount /dev/pts ; umount /sys ; umount /proc
|
||||
exit
|
||||
umount /mnt/target/dev ; umount /mnt/target/run
|
||||
```
|
||||
now you can remove your earlier preparation
|
||||
|
||||
## menage
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
umount /mnt/target
|
||||
umount /mnt/iso
|
||||
|
||||
rmdir /mnt/target
|
||||
rmdir /mnt/iso
|
||||
|
||||
exit
|
||||
```
|
||||
tried with solyd X&K 32 2013.06, solydX32 2013.09, from Solyd and LM15
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue