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231 lines
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<title>watchexec(1) - execute commands when watched files change</title>
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<body id='manpage'>
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<div class='mp' id='man'>
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<div class='man-navigation' style='display:none'>
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<a href="#NAME">NAME</a>
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<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a>
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<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
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<a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a>
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<a href="#ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</a>
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<a href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a>
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</div>
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<ol class='man-decor man-head man head'>
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<li class='tl'>watchexec(1)</li>
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<li class='tc'></li>
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<li class='tr'>watchexec(1)</li>
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</ol>
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<h2 id="NAME">NAME</h2>
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<p class="man-name">
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<code>watchexec</code> - <span class="man-whatis">execute commands when watched files change</span>
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</p>
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<h2 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h2>
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<p>watchexec [<code>--exts</code> | <code>-e</code> <var>extensions</var>]... [<code>--filter</code> | <code>-f</code> <var>pattern</var>]... [<code>--ignore</code> | <code>-i</code> <var>pattern</var>]... [<code>--watch</code> | <code>-w</code> <var>path</var>]... [<code>--restart</code> | <code>-r</code>] [<code>--clear</code> | <code>-c</code>] [<code>--postpone</code> | <code>-p</code>] [<code>--force-poll</code> <var>interval</var>] [<code>--debounce</code> | <code>-d</code> <var>interval</var>] [<code>--no-vcs-ignore</code>] [<code>--no-default-ignore</code>] [<code>--verbose</code> | <code>-v</code>] [<code>--changes-only</code>] [<code>--version</code> | <code>-V</code>] [--] <var>command</var> [<var>argument</var>...]</p>
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<h2 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h2>
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<p>Recursively monitors the current directory for changes, executing the command when a filesystem change is detected. By default, watchexec uses efficient kernel-level mechanisms to watch for changes.</p>
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<p>At startup, the specified <var>command</var> (passing any supplied <var>argument</var>s) is run once, and watchexec begins monitoring for changes.</p>
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<h2 id="OPTIONS">OPTIONS</h2>
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<dl>
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<dt class="flush"><var>command</var></dt><dd>Command to run when watched files are modified, and at startup, unless <code>--postpone</code> is specified. All <var>argument</var>s are passed to <var>command</var>. If you pass flags to the command, you should separate it with <code>--</code>, for example: <code>watchexec -w src -- rsync -a src dest</code>.</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>Behaviour depends on the value of <code>--shell</code>: for all except <code>none</code>, every part of <var>command</var> is joined together into one string with a single ascii space character, and given to the shell as described. For <code>none</code>, each distinct element of <var>command</var> is passed as per the <span class="man-ref">execvp<span class="s">(3)</span></span> convention: first argument is the program, as a file or searched in the <code>PATH</code>, rest are arguments.</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>-e</code>, <code>--exts</code> <var>extensions</var></dt><dd><p>Comma-separated list of file extensions to filter by. Leading dots (.rs) are allowed. (This is a shorthand for <code>-f</code>).</p></dd>
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<dt><code>-f</code>, <code>--filter</code> <var>pattern</var></dt><dd><p>Ignores modifications from paths that do not match <var>pattern</var>. This option can be specified multiple times, where a match on any given pattern causes the path to trigger <var>command</var>.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>-s</code>, <code>--signal</code></dt><dd><p>Sends the specified signal (e.g. <code>SIGKILL</code>) to the command. Defaults to <code>SIGTERM</code>.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>--shell</code> <var>shell</var></dt><dd><p>Change the shell used to run the command. Set to <code>none</code> to run the command directly without a shell.</p></dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The special value <code>powershell</code> will use Microsoft Powershell's calling convention, otherwise <code>SHELL -c COMMAND</code>.</p>
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<p>On Windows, the additional <code>cmd</code> special value uses CMD.EXE calling convention.</p>
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<p>The <code>none</code> value is especially useful in combination with <code>--signal</code>, as the signal is then sent directly to the running command. While <code>--shell=none</code> is a little more performant than the default, it prevents using shell-features like pipes and redirects.</p>
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<p>If not a special value, the string provided may contain arguments to the shell as long as that is kept simple: the string is split along whitespace, and used as per <span class="man-ref">execvp<span class="s">(3)</span></span>: first is shell program, rest are arguments to the shell, then <code>-c</code> is added, and finally the <code>COMMAND</code>.</p>
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<p>See the <a href="#EXAMPLES" title="EXAMPLES" data-bare-link="true">EXAMPLES</a> for uses of each of these.</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>--no-shell</code></dt><dd><p>Deprecated. Alias for <code>--shell=none</code>.</p></dd>
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<dt class="flush"><code>-n</code></dt><dd><p>Shorthand for <code>--shell=none</code>.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>--no-meta</code></dt><dd><p>Ignore metadata changes.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>--no-environment</code></dt><dd><p>Do not set WATCHEXEC<em>*</em>PATH environment variables for the command.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>-i</code>, <code>--ignore</code> <var>pattern</var></dt><dd><p>Ignores modifications from paths that match <var>pattern</var>. This option can be specified multiple times, and a match on any pattern causes the path to be ignored.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>-w</code>, <code>--watch</code> <var>path</var></dt><dd><p>Monitor a specific path for changes. By default, the current working directory is watched. This may be specified multiple times, where a change in any watched directory (and subdirectories) causes <var>command</var> to be executed.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>-r</code>, <code>--restart</code></dt><dd><p>Terminates the command if it is still running when subsequent file modifications are detected. By default, sends <code>SIGTERM</code>; use <code>--signal</code> to change that.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>-W</code>, <code>--watch-when-idle</code></dt><dd><p>Ignore events while the process is still running. This is distinct from <code>--restart</code> in that with this option, events received while the command is running will not trigger a new run immediately after the current command is done.</p></dd>
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</dl>
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<p>This behaviour will become the default in v2.0.</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>--no-process-group</code></dt><dd><p>Do not use a process group when running <var>command</var>.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>-c</code>, <code>--clear</code></dt><dd><p>Clears the screen before executing <var>command</var>.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>-p</code>, <code>--postpone</code></dt><dd><p>Postpone execution of <var>command</var> until the first file modification is detected.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>--force-poll</code> <var>interval</var></dt><dd><p>Poll for changes every <var>interval</var> ms instead of using system-specific notification mechanisms (such as inotify). This is useful when you are monitoring NFS shares.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>-d</code>, <code>--debounce</code></dt><dd><p>Set the timeout between detected change and command execution, to avoid restarting too frequently when there are many events; defaults to 100ms.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>--no-vcs-ignore</code></dt><dd><p>Skip loading of version control system (VCS) ignore files. By default, watchexec loads .gitignore files in the current directory (or parent directories) and uses them to populate the ignore list.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>--no-default-ignore</code></dt><dd><p>Skip default ignore statements. By default, watchexec ignores common temporary files for you, for example <code>*.swp</code>, <code>*.pyc</code>, and <code>.DS_Store</code>.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>-v</code>, <code>--verbose</code></dt><dd><p>Prints diagnostic messages to STDERR.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>--changes-only</code></dt><dd><p>Prints the paths that have changed as diagnostics to STDERR, but not everything else that <code>--verbose</code> prints.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>-V</code>, <code>--version</code></dt><dd><p>Print the version of watchexec.</p></dd>
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<dt><code>-h</code>, <code>--help</code></dt><dd><p>Print a help message.</p></dd>
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</dl>
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<h2 id="ENVIRONMENT">ENVIRONMENT</h2>
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<p>Processes started by watchexec have environment variables set describing the modification(s) observed. Which variable is set depends on how many modifications were observed and/or what type they were.</p>
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<p>If a single file changed (depending on the event type):</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>$WATCHEXEC_CREATED_PATH</code>, the path of the file that was created</li>
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<li><code>$WATCHEXEC_REMOVED_PATH</code>, the path of the file that was removed</li>
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<li><code>$WATCHEXEC_RENAMED_PATH</code>, the path of the file that was renamed</li>
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<li><code>$WATCHEXEC_WRITTEN_PATH</code>, the path of the file that was modified</li>
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<li><code>$WATCHEXEC_META_CHANGED_PATH</code>, the path of the file whose metadata changed</li>
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</ul>
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<p>If multiple files changed:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>$WATCHEXEC_COMMON_PATH</code>, the longest common path of all of the files that triggered a change</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</h2>
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<p>Rebuild a project when source files change:</p>
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<pre><code>$ watchexec make
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</code></pre>
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<p>Watch all HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files for changes:</p>
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<pre><code>$ watchexec -e html,css,js make
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</code></pre>
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<p>Run tests when source files change, clearing the screen each time:</p>
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<pre><code>$ watchexec -c make test
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</code></pre>
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<p>Launch and restart a node.js server:</p>
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<pre><code>$ watchexec -r node app.js
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</code></pre>
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<p>Watch lib and src directories for changes, rebuilding each time:</p>
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<pre><code>$ watchexec -w lib -w src make
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</code></pre>
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<p>Use without shell:</p>
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<pre><code>$ watchexec -n -- zsh -x -o shwordsplit scr
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</code></pre>
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<p>Use with powershell (default on windows from 2.0):</p>
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<pre><code>$ watchexec --shell=powershell -- test-connection localhost
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</code></pre>
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<p>Use with cmd (default on windows until 2.0):</p>
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<pre><code>$ watchexec --shell=cmd -- dir
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</code></pre>
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<p>Use with a different unix shell:</p>
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<pre><code>$ watchexec --shell=bash -- 'echo $BASH_VERSION'
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</code></pre>
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<p>Use with a unix shell and options:</p>
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<pre><code>$ watchexec --shell='zsh -x -o shwordsplit' -- scr
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</code></pre>
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<ol class='man-decor man-foot man foot'>
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<li class='tl'></li>
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<li class='tc'>July 2021</li>
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<li class='tr'>watchexec(1)</li>
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</ol>
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