app-MAIL-temp/README.md

SimpleLogin - privacy-first email alias and Single Sign-On (SSO) Identity Provider

https://simplelogin.io

Yet another email forwarding service?

In some way yes ... However SimpleLogin is a bit different because:

• it's fully open-source: both the server and client code (browser extension, JS library) are open-source so anyone can freely inspect and (hopefully) improve the code.
• not just email alias: SimpleLogin is a privacy-first and developer-friendly identity provider that: a. offers privacy for users b. is simple to use for developers. Our goal is to offer a privacy-focused alternative to the "Login with Facebook/Google/Twitter" buttons.
• the only email alias solution that is self-hostable: with our detailed self-hosting instructions and most of components running as Docker container, anyone who knows how to ssh is able to deploy SimpleLogin on their server.
• plenty of features: custom domain, browser extension, alias activity, OAuth libraries, etc.
• written in Python 🐍 😅 this is not a difference per se but hey I never found a Python email server so feel free to tweak this one if you want to use Python for handling emails.

Table of Contents

1. General Architecture

2. Self Hosting

3. Contributing Guide

General Architecture

SimpleLogin backend consists of 2 main components:

• the webapp used by several clients: web UI (the dashboard), browser extension (Chrome & Firefox for now), OAuth clients (apps that integrate "Login with SimpleLogin" button) and mobile app (work in progress).

• the email handler: implements the email forwarding (i.e. alias receiveing email) and email sending (i.e. alias sending email).

Self hosting

Prerequisites

• a Linux server (either a VM or dedicated server). This doc shows the setup for Ubuntu 18.04 LTS but the steps could be adapted for other popular Linux distributions. As most of components run as Docker container and Docker can be a bit heavy, having at least 2 GB of RAM is recommended. The server needs to have the port 25 (email), 80, 443 (for the webapp), 22 (so you can ssh into it) open.

• a domain that you can config the DNS. It could be a subdomain. In the rest of the doc, let's say it's mydomain.com for the email and app.mydomain.com for SimpleLogin webapp. Please make sure to replace these values by your domain name whenever they appear in the doc.

• [Optional]: a dedicated Postgres database. If you don't want to manage and maintain a Postgres database, you can use managed services proposed by some cloud providers. Otherwise this guide will show how to run a Postgres database using Docker. Database is not well-known to be run inside Docker but this is probably fine if you don't have thousands of email addresses.

• [Optional] AWS S3, Sentry, Google/Facebook/Github developer accounts. These are necessary only if you want to activate these options.

All the below steps, except for the DNS ones that are usually done inside your domain registrar interface, are done on your server. The commands are to run with bash (or any bash-compatible shell like zsh) being the shell. If you use other shells like fish, please make sure to adapt the commands.

DKIM

From Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DomainKeys_Identified_Mail

DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) is an email authentication method designed to detect forged sender addresses in emails (email spoofing), a technique often used in phishing and email spam.

Setting up DKIM is highly recommended to reduce the chance your emails ending up in the recipient's Spam folder.

First you need to generate a private and public key for DKIM:

openssl genrsa -out dkim.key 1024
openssl rsa -in dkim.key -pubout -out dkim.pub.key

You will need the files dkim.key and dkim.pub.key for the next steps.

For email gurus, we have chosen 1024 key length instead of 2048 for DNS simplicity as some registrars don't play well with long TXT record.

DNS

Please note that DNS changes could take up to 24 hours to propagate. In practice, it's a lot faster though (~1 minute or so in our test).

MX record

Create a MX record that points mydomain.com to app.mydomain.com with priority 10.

To verify if the DNS works, dig mydomain.com mx should contain the following in the result.

mydomain.com.	3600	IN	MX	10 app.mydomain.com.

A record

An A record that points app.mydomain.com to your server IP. To verify, dig app.mydomain.com a should return your server IP.

DKIM

Set up DKIM by adding a TXT record for dkim._domainkey.mydomain.com with the following value:

v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=PUBLIC_KEY

with PUBLIC_KEY being your dkim.pub.key but

• remove the -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- and -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
• join all the lines on a single line.

For example, if your dkim.pub.key is

-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
ab
cd
ef
gh
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

then the PUBLIC_KEY would be abcdefgh.

To verify, dig dkim._domainkey.mydomain.com txt should return the above value.

SPF

From Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender_Policy_Framework

Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is an email authentication method designed to detect forging sender addresses during the delivery of the email

Similar to DKIM, setting up SPF is highly recommended. Add a TXT record for mydomain.com with the value v=spf1 mx -all. What it means is only your server can send email with @mydomain.com domain. To verify, you can use dig mydomain.com txt

DMARC (optional) TODO

Docker

Now the boring DNS stuffs are done, let's do something more fun!

Please follow the steps on Docker CE for Ubuntu to install Docker on the server.

Tips: if you want to run Docker without the sudo prefix, add your account to docker group:

sudo usermod -a -G docker $USER

Prepare the Docker network

This Docker network will be used by the other Docker containers run in the next steps. Later, we will setup Postfix to authorize this network.

docker network create -d bridge \
    --subnet=1.1.1.0/24 \
    --gateway=1.1.1.1 \
    sl-network

Postgres

This sections show how to run a Postgres database using Docker. At the end of this section, you will have a database username and password that're going to be used in the next steps.

If you already have a Postgres database, you can skip this section and just copy the database configuration (host, port, username, password, database name).

Run a postgres Docker container. Make sure to replace myuser and mypassword by something more secret 😎.

docker run -d \
    --name sl-db \
    -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=mypassword \
    -e POSTGRES_USER=myuser \
    -e POSTGRES_DB=simplelogin \
    --network="sl-network" \
    postgres

To test if the database runs correctly, run

docker exec -it sl-db psql -U myuser simplelogin

you should be logged into postgres console.

Postfix

Install postfix and postfix-pgsql. The latter is used to connect Postfix and Postgres database in the next steps.

sudo apt-get install -y postfix postfix-pgsql

Choose "Internet Site" in Postfix installation window then keep using the proposed value as System mail name in the next window.

Run the following commands to setup Postfix. Make sure to replace mydomain.com by your domain.

sudo postconf -e 'myhostname = app.mydomain.com'
sudo postconf -e 'mydomain = mydomain.com'
sudo postconf -e 'myorigin = mydomain.com'
sudo postconf -e 'mydestination = localhost'

sudo postconf -e 'mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 1.1.1.0/24'

sudo postconf -e 'relay_domains = pgsql:/etc/postfix/pgsql-relay-domains.cf'
sudo postconf -e 'transport_maps = pgsql:/etc/postfix/pgsql-transport-maps.cf'

Create the relay-domains file at /etc/postfix/pgsql-relay-domains.cf and put the following content. Make sure that the database config is correctly set and replace mydomain.com by your domain.

# postgres config
hosts = localhost
user = myuser
password = mypassword
dbname = simplelogin

query = SELECT domain FROM custom_domain WHERE domain='%s' AND verified=true UNION SELECT '%s' WHERE '%s' = 'mydomain.com' LIMIT 1;

Create the transport-maps file at /etc/postfix/pgsql-transport-maps.cf and put the following lines. Make sure that the database config is correctly set and replace mydomain.com by your domain.

# postgres config
hosts = localhost
user = myuser
password = mypassword
dbname = simplelogin

# forward to smtp:127.0.0.1:20381 for custom domain AND email domain
query = SELECT 'smtp:127.0.0.1:20381' FROM custom_domain WHERE domain = '%s' AND verified=true UNION SELECT 'smtp:127.0.0.1:20381' WHERE '%s' = 'mydomain.com' LIMIT 1;

Finally restart Postfix

sudo systemctl restart postfix

Run SimpleLogin Docker containers

To run the server, you need a config file. Please have a look at config example for an example to create one. Some parameters are optional and are commented out by default. Some have "dummy" values, fill them up if you want to enable these features (Paddle, AWS).

Let's put your config file at ~/simplelogin.env.

Make sure to update the following variables

# Server url
URL=http://app.mydomain.com
EMAIL_DOMAIN=mydomain.com
SUPPORT_EMAIL=support@mydomain.com
EMAIL_SERVERS_WITH_PRIORITY=[(10, "app.mydomain.com.")]
DKIM_PRIVATE_KEY_PATH=/dkim.key

# optional, to have more choices for random alias.
WORDS_FILE_PATH=local_data/words_alpha.txt

Before running the webapp, you need to prepare the database by running the migration

docker run \
    --name sl-migration \
    -v $(pwd)/dkim.key:/dkim.key \
    -v $(pwd)/simplelogin.env:/code/.env \
    --network="sl-network" \
    simplelogin/app flask db upgrade

This command could take a while to download the simplelogin/app docker image.

Now it's time to run the webapp container!

docker run -d \
    --name sl-app \
    -v $(pwd)/simplelogin.env:/code/.env \
    -v $(pwd)/dkim.key:/dkim.key \
    -p 7777:7777 \
    --network="sl-network" \
    simplelogin/app

Next run the email handler

docker run -d \
    --name sl-email \
    -v $(pwd)/simplelogin.env:/code/.env \
    -v $(pwd)/dkim.key:/dkim.key \
    -p 20381:20381 \
    --network="sl-network" \
    simplelogin/app python email_handler.py

[Optional] If you want to run the cronjob:

docker run -d \
    --name sl-cron \
    -v $(pwd)/simplelogin.env:/code/.env \
    -v $(pwd)/dkim.key:/dkim.key \
    --network="sl-network" \
    simplelogin/app yacron -c /code/crontab.yml

Nginx

Install Nginx

sudo apt-get install -y nginx

Then create /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/simplelogin with the following lines:

server {
    server_name  app.mydomain.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:7777;
    }
}

Reload nginx with

sudo systemctl reload nginx

At this step, you should also setup the SSL for Nginx. Certbot can be a good option if you want a free SSL certificate.

Enjoy!

If all the steps are successful, open http://app.mydomain.com/ and create your first account!

Contributing

All work on SimpleLogin happens directly on GitHub.

Run code locally

The project uses Python 3.7+. First, install all dependencies by running the following command. Feel free to use virtualenv or similar tools to isolate development environment.

pip3 install -r requirements.txt

Then make sure all tests pass

pytest

To run the code locally, please create a local setting file based on .env.example:

cp .env.example .env

Make sure to uncomment the RESET_DB=true to create the database locally.

Feel free to custom your .env file, it would be your default setting when developing locally. This file is ignored by git.

You don't need all the parameters, for ex if you don't update images to s3, then BUCKET, AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID can be empty or if you don't use login with Github locally, GITHUB_CLIENT_ID doesn't have to be filled. The .env.example file contains minimal requirement so that if you run:

python3 server.py

then open http://localhost:7777, you should be able to login with the following account

john@wick.com / password

API

For now the only API client is the Chrome/Firefox extension. This extension relies on API Code for authentication.

In every request the extension sends

• the API Code is set in Authentication header. The check is done via the verify_api_key wrapper, implemented in app/api/base.py

• the current website hostname which is the website subdomain name + domain name. For ex, if user is on http://dashboard.example.com/path1/path2?query, the subdomain is dashboard.example.com. This information is important to know where an alias is used in order to proposer to user the same alias if they want to create on alias on the same website in the future. The hostname is passed in the request query ?hostname=, see app/api/views/alias_options.py for an example.

Currently the latest extension uses 2 endpoints:

• /alias/options: that returns what to suggest to user when they open the extension.

GET /alias/options hostname?="www.groupon.com"

Response: a json with following structure. ? means optional field.
	recommendation?:
		alias: www_groupon_com@simplelogin.co
		hostname: www.groupon.com

	custom: 
		suggestion: groupon
		suffix: [@my_domain.com, .abcde@simplelogin.co]

	can_create_custom: true

	existing:
		[email1, email2, ...]

• /alias/custom/new: allows user to create a new custom alias.

POST /alias/custom/new
	prefix: www_groupon_com
	suffix: @my_domain.com

Response:
	201 -> OK {alias: "www_groupon_com@my_domain.com"}
	409 -> duplicated

Database migration

The database migration is handled by alembic

Whenever the model changes, a new migration needs to be created

Set the database connection to use a current database (i.e. the one without the model changes you just made), for ex if you have a staging config at ~/config/simplelogin/staging.env, you can do:

ln -sf ~/config/simplelogin/staging.env .env

Generate the migration script and make sure to review it before commit it. Sometimes (very rarely though), the migration generation can go wrong.

flask db migrate

Code structure

The repo consists of 3 entry points:

• wsgi.py and server.py: the webapp.
• email_handler.py: the email handler.
• cron.py: the cronjob.

Here are a small sum-ups of the directory structure and their roles:

• app/: main Flask app. It is divided into different packages that represents different features like oauth, api, dashboard, etc.
• local_data/: contain files that are there to facilitate local development. They are replaced during the deployment.
• migrations/: generated by flask-migrate. Edit these files only when you spot (very rare) errors on database migration files.
• static/: files available at /static url.
• templates/: contain both html and email templates.
• tests/: tests. We don't really distinguish unit, functional or integration test. A test is simply here to make sure a feature works correctly.

The code is formatted using https://github.com/psf/black, to format the code, simply run

black

OAuth flow

SL currently supports code and implicit flow.

Code flow

To trigger the code flow locally, you can go to the following url after running python server.py:

http://localhost:7777/oauth/authorize?client_id=client-id&state=123456&response_type=code&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A7000%2Fcallback&state=random_string

You should see there the authorization page where user is asked for permission to share their data. Once user approves, user is redirected to this url with an authorization code: http://localhost:7000/callback?state=123456&code=the_code

Next, exchange the code to get the token with {code} replaced by the code obtained in previous step. The http tool used here is https://httpie.org

http -f -a client-id:client-secret http://localhost:7777/oauth/token grant_type=authorization_code code={code}

This should return an access token that allow to get user info via the following command. Again, http tool is used.

http http://localhost:7777/oauth/user_info 'Authorization:Bearer {token}'

Implicit flow

Similar to code flow, except we get the access token back with the redirection. For implicit flow, the url is

http://localhost:7777/oauth/authorize?client_id=client-id&state=123456&response_type=token&redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A7000%2Fcallback&state=random_string

OpenID, OAuth2 response_type & scope

According to https://medium.com/@darutk/diagrams-of-all-the-openid-connect-flows-6968e3990660

• response_type can be either code, token, id_token or any combination.
• scope can contain openid or not

Below is the different combinations that are taken into account in SL until now:

response_type=code
    scope:
	    with `openid` in scope, return `id_token` at /token: OK
	    without: OK

response_type=token
    scope:
	    with and without `openid`, nothing to do: OK

response_type=id_token
    return `id_token` in /authorization endpoint
    
response_type=id_token token
    return `id_token` in addition to `access_token` in /authorization endpoint
   
response_type=id_token code
    return `id_token` in addition to `authorization_code` in /authorization endpoint