mirror of https://github.com/joshbuchea/HEAD.git
614 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
614 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
# HEAD
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[](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
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[](https://github.com/joshbuchea/HEAD/graphs/contributors)
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A list of everything that \*could\* go in the `<head>` of your document
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## Table of Contents
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- [Recommended Minimum](#recommended-minimum)
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- [Elements](#elements)
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- [Meta](#meta)
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- [Link](#link)
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- [Icons](#icons)
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- [Social](#social)
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- [Facebook Open Graph](#facebook-open-graph)
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- [Twitter Card](#twitter-card)
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- [Twitter Privacy](#twitter-privacy)
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- [Google+ / Schema.org](#google--schemaorg)
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- [Pinterest](#pinterest)
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- [Facebook Instant Articles](#facebook-instant-articles)
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- [OEmbed](#oembed)
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- [Browsers / Platforms](#browsers--platforms)
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- [Apple iOS](#apple-ios)
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- [Google Android](#google-android)
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- [Google Chrome](#google-chrome)
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- [Microsoft Internet Explorer](#microsoft-internet-explorer)
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- [Browsers (Chinese)](#browsers-chinese)
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- [360 Browser](#360-browser)
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- [QQ Mobile Browser](#qq-mobile-browser)
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- [UC Mobile Browser](#uc-mobile-browser)
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- [App Links](#app-links)
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- [Other Resources](#other-resources)
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- [Related Projects](#related-projects)
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- [Other Formats](#other-formats)
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- [Translations](#translations)
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- [Contributing](#contributing)
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- [Contributors](#contributors)
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- [Author](#author)
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- [License](#license)
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## Recommended Minimum
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Below are the essential elements for any web document (websites/apps):
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```html
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
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<!--
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The above 2 meta tags *must* come first in the <head>
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to consistently ensure proper document rendering.
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Any other head element should come *after* these tags.
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-->
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<title>Page Title</title>
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```
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**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
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## Elements
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Valid `<head>` elements include `meta`, `link`, `title`, `style`, `script`, `noscript`, and `base`.
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These elements provide information for how a document should be perceived, and rendered, by web technologies. e.g. browsers, search engines, bots, etc.
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```html
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<!--
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Set the character encoding for this document, so that
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all characters within the UTF-8 space (such as emoji)
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are rendered correctly.
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-->
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<!-- Set the document's title -->
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<title>Page Title</title>
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<!-- Set the base URL for all relative URLs within the document -->
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<base href="https://example.com/page.html">
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<!-- Link to an external CSS file -->
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
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<!-- Used for adding in-document CSS -->
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<style>
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/* ... */
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</style>
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<!-- JavaScript & No-JavaScript tags -->
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<script src="script.js"></script>
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<script>
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// function(s) go here
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</script>
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<noscript>
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<!-- No JS alternative -->
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</noscript>
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```
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**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
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## Meta
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```html
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<!--
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The following 2 meta tags *must* come first in the <head>
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to consistently ensure proper document rendering.
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Any other head element should come *after* these tags.
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-->
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
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<!--
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Allows control over where resources are loaded from.
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Place as early in the <head> as possible, as the tag
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only applies to resources that are declared after it.
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-->
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'">
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<!-- Name of web application (only should be used if the website is used as an app) -->
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<meta name="application-name" content="Application Name">
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<!-- Theme Color for Chrome, Firefox OS and Opera -->
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<meta name="theme-color" content="#4285f4">
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<!-- Short description of the document (limit to 150 characters) -->
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<!-- This content *may* be used as a part of search engine results. -->
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<meta name="description" content="A description of the page">
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<!-- Control the behavior of search engine crawling and indexing -->
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<meta name="robots" content="index,follow"><!-- All Search Engines -->
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<meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><!-- Google Specific -->
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<!-- Tells Google not to show the sitelinks search box -->
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<meta name="google" content="nositelinkssearchbox">
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<!-- Tells Google not to provide a translation for this document -->
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<meta name="google" content="notranslate">
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<!-- Verify website ownership -->
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<meta name="google-site-verification" content="verification_token"><!-- Google Search Console -->
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<meta name="yandex-verification" content="verification_token"><!-- Yandex Webmasters -->
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<meta name="msvalidate.01" content="verification_token"><!-- Bing Webmaster Center -->
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<meta name="alexaVerifyID" content="verification_token"><!-- Alexa Console -->
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<meta name="p:domain_verify" content="code_from_pinterest"><!-- Pinterest Console-->
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<meta name="norton-safeweb-site-verification" content="norton_code"><!-- Norton Safe Web -->
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<!-- Identify the software used to build the document (i.e. - WordPress, Dreamweaver) -->
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<meta name="generator" content="program">
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<!-- Short description of your document's subject -->
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<meta name="subject" content="your document's subject">
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<!-- Gives a general age rating based on the document's content -->
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<meta name="rating" content="General">
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<!-- Allows control over how referrer information is passed -->
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<meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer">
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<!-- Disable automatic detection and formatting of possible phone numbers -->
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<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
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<!-- Completely opt out of DNS prefetching by setting to "off" -->
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<meta http-equiv="x-dns-prefetch-control" content="off">
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<!-- Stores a cookie on the client web browser for identification purposes -->
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<meta http-equiv="set-cookie" content="name=value; expires=date; path=url">
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<!-- Specifies the document to appear in a specific frame -->
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<meta http-equiv="Window-Target" content="_value">
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<!-- Geo tags -->
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<meta name="ICBM" content="latitude, longitude">
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<meta name="geo.position" content="latitude;longitude">
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<meta name="geo.region" content="country[-state]"><!-- Country code (ISO 3166-1): mandatory, state code (ISO 3166-2): optional; eg. content="US" / content="US-NY" -->
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<meta name="geo.placename" content="city/town"><!-- eg. content="New York City" -->
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```
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- 📖 [Meta tags that Google understands](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/79812?hl=en)
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- 📖 [WHATWG Wiki: MetaExtensions](https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/MetaExtensions)
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- 📖 [ICBM on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICBM_address#Modern_use)
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- 📖 [Geotagging on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotagging#HTML_pages)
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**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
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## Link
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```html
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<!-- Points to an external stylesheet -->
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://example.com/styles.css">
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<!-- Helps prevent duplicate content issues -->
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/article/?page=2">
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<!-- Links to an AMP HTML version of the current document -->
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<link rel="amphtml" href="https://example.com/path/to/amp-version.html">
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<!-- Links to a JSON file that specifies "installation" credentials for the web applications -->
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<link rel="manifest" href="manifest.json">
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<!-- Links to information about the author(s) of the document -->
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<link rel="author" href="humans.txt">
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<!-- Refers to a copyright statement that applies to the link's context -->
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<link rel="license" href="copyright.html">
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<!-- Gives a reference to a location in your document that may be in another language -->
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<link rel="alternate" href="https://es.example.com/" hreflang="es">
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<!-- Provides information about an author or another person -->
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<link rel="me" href="https://google.com/profiles/thenextweb" type="text/html">
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<link rel="me" href="mailto:name@example.com">
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<link rel="me" href="sms:+15035550125">
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<!-- Links to a document that describes a collection of records, documents, or other materials of historical interest -->
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<link rel="archives" href="https://example.com/archives/">
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<!-- Links to top level resource in an hierarchical structure -->
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<link rel="index" href="https://example.com/article/">
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<!-- Provides a self reference - useful when the document has multiple possible references -->
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<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://example.com/atom.xml">
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<!-- The first, last, previous, and next documents in a series of documents, respectively -->
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<link rel="first" href="https://example.com/article/">
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<link rel="last" href="https://example.com/article/?page=42">
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<link rel="prev" href="https://example.com/article/?page=1">
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<link rel="next" href="https://example.com/article/?page=3">
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<!-- Used when a 3rd party service is utilized to maintain a blog -->
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<link rel="EditURI" href="https://example.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD">
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<!-- Forms an automated comment when another WordPress blog links to your WordPress blog or post -->
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<link rel="pingback" href="https://example.com/xmlrpc.php">
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<!-- Notifies a URL when you link to it on your document -->
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<link rel="webmention" href="https://example.com/webmention">
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<!-- Enables posting to your own domain using a Micropub client -->
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<link rel="micropub" href="https://example.com/micropub">
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<!-- Open Search -->
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<link rel="search" href="/open-search.xml" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search Title">
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<!-- Feeds -->
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<link rel="alternate" href="https://feeds.feedburner.com/example" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS">
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<link rel="alternate" href="https://example.com/feed.atom" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom 0.3">
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<!-- Prefetching, preloading, prebrowsing -->
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<!-- More info: https://css-tricks.com/prefetching-preloading-prebrowsing/ -->
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//example.com/">
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<link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.example.com/">
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<link rel="prefetch" href="https://www.example.com/">
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<link rel="prerender" href="https://example.com/">
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<link rel="preload" href="image.png" as="image">
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```
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- 📖 [Link Relations](https://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relations/link-relations.xhtml)
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**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
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## Icons
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```html
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<!-- For IE 10 and below -->
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<!-- Place favicon.ico in the root directory - no tag necessary -->
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<!-- Icon in the highest resolution we need it for -->
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<link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="/path/to/icon.png">
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<!-- Apple Touch Icon (reuse 192px icon.png) -->
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<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/path/to/apple-touch-icon.png">
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<!-- Safari Pinned Tab Icon -->
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<link rel="mask-icon" href="/path/to/icon.svg" color="blue">
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```
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- 📖 [All About Favicons (And Touch Icons)](https://bitsofco.de/all-about-favicons-and-touch-icons/)
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- 📖 [Creating Pinned Tab Icons](https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/pinnedTabs/pinnedTabs.html)
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- 📖 [Favicon Cheat Sheet](https://github.com/audreyr/favicon-cheat-sheet)
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- 📖 [Icons & Browser Colors](https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/design-and-ux/browser-customization/)
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**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
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## Social
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### Facebook Open Graph
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```html
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<meta property="fb:app_id" content="123456789">
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<meta property="og:url" content="https://example.com/page.html">
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<meta property="og:type" content="website">
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<meta property="og:title" content="Content Title">
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<meta property="og:image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg">
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<meta property="og:description" content="Description Here">
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<meta property="og:site_name" content="Site Name">
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<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US">
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<meta property="article:author" content="">
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```
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- 📖 [Facebook Open Graph Markup](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters#markup)
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- 📖 [Open Graph protocol](http://ogp.me/)
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- 🛠 Test your page with the [Facebook Sharing Debugger](https://developers.facebook.com/tools/debug/)
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### Twitter Card
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```html
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<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
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<meta name="twitter:site" content="@site_account">
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<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@individual_account">
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<meta name="twitter:url" content="https://example.com/page.html">
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Content Title">
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="Content description less than 200 characters">
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<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg">
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```
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- 📖 [Getting started with cards — Twitter Developers](https://dev.twitter.com/cards/getting-started)
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- 🛠 Test your page with the [Twitter Card Validator](https://cards-dev.twitter.com/validator)
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### Twitter Privacy
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If you embed tweets in your website, Twitter can use information from your site to tailor content and suggestions to Twitter users. [More about Twitter privacy options](https://dev.twitter.com/web/overview/privacy#what-privacy-options-do-website-publishers-have).
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```html
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<!-- disallow Twitter from using your site's info for personalization purposes -->
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<meta name="twitter:dnt" content="on">
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```
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### Google+ / Schema.org
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```html
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<html lang="" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article">
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<head>
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<link rel="author" href="">
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<link rel="publisher" href="">
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<meta itemprop="name" content="Content Title">
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<meta itemprop="description" content="Content description less than 200 characters">
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<meta itemprop="image" content="https://example.com/image.jpg">
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```
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**Note:** This markup requires attributes to be added to your top html tag
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- 🛠 Test your page with the [Structured Data Testing Tool](https://developers.google.com/structured-data/testing-tool/)
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### Pinterest
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Pinterest lets you prevent people from saving things from your website, according [to their help center](https://help.pinterest.com/en/articles/prevent-people-saving-things-pinterest-your-site). The `description` is optional.
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```html
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<meta name="pinterest" content="nopin" description="Sorry, you can't save from my website!">
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```
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### Facebook Instant Articles
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```html
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta property="op:markup_version" content="v1.0">
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<!-- The URL of the web version of your article -->
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/article.html">
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<!-- The style to be used for this article -->
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<meta property="fb:article_style" content="myarticlestyle">
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```
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- 📖 [Creating Articles - Instant Articles](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/instant-articles/guides/articlecreate)
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- 📖 [Code Samples - Instant Articles](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/instant-articles/reference)
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### OEmbed
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```html
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<link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed"
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href="https://example.com/services/oembed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Ffoo%2F&format=json"
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title="oEmbed Profile: JSON">
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed"
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href="https://example.com/services/oembed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Ffoo%2F&format=xml"
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title="oEmbed Profile: XML">
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```
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- 📖 [oEmbed format](https://oembed.com/)
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**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
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## Browsers / Platforms
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### Apple iOS
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```html
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<!-- Smart App Banner -->
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<meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=APP_ID,affiliate-data=AFFILIATE_ID,app-argument=SOME_TEXT">
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<!-- Disable automatic detection and formatting of possible phone numbers -->
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<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
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<!-- Launch Icon (180x180px or larger) -->
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<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/path/to/apple-touch-icon.png">
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<!-- Launch Screen Image -->
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<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="/path/to/launch.png">
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<!-- Launch Icon Title -->
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<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="App Title">
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<!-- Enable standalone (full-screen) mode -->
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<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
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<!-- Status bar appearance (has no effect unless standalone mode is enabled) -->
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<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
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<!-- iOS app deep linking -->
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<meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=APP-ID, app-argument=http/url-sample.com">
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<link rel="alternate" href="ios-app://APP-ID/http/url-sample.com">
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```
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- 📖 [Configuring Web Applications](https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/ConfiguringWebApplications/ConfiguringWebApplications.html)
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### Google Android
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```html
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<meta name="theme-color" content="#E64545">
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<!-- Add to home screen -->
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<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
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<!-- More info: https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/android/installtohomescreen -->
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<!-- Android app deep linking -->
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<meta name="google-play-app" content="app-id=package-name">
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<link rel="alternate" href="android-app://package-name/http/url-sample.com">
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```
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### Google Chrome
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```html
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<link rel="chrome-webstore-item" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/APP_ID">
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<!-- Disable translation prompt -->
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<meta name="google" content="notranslate">
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```
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### Microsoft Internet Explorer
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```html
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<!-- Force IE 8/9/10 to use its latest rendering engine -->
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<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<!-- Disable automatic detection and formatting of possible phone numbers by Skype Toolbar browser extension -->
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<meta name="skype_toolbar" content="skype_toolbar_parser_compatible">
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<!-- Windows Tiles -->
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<meta name="msapplication-config" content="/browserconfig.xml">
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```
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Minimum required xml markup for `browserconfig.xml`:
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```xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<browserconfig>
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<msapplication>
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<tile>
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<square70x70logo src="small.png"/>
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<square150x150logo src="medium.png"/>
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<wide310x150logo src="wide.png"/>
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<square310x310logo src="large.png"/>
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</tile>
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</msapplication>
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</browserconfig>
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```
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- 📖 [Browser configuration schema reference](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn320426.aspx)
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**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|
|
|
|
## Browsers (Chinese)
|
|
|
|
### 360 Browser
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
<!-- Select rendering engine order -->
|
|
<meta name="renderer" content="webkit|ie-comp|ie-stand">
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### QQ Mobile Browser
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
<!-- Locks the screen into the specified orientation -->
|
|
<meta name="x5-orientation" content="landscape/portrait">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Display this document in fullscreen -->
|
|
<meta name="x5-fullscreen" content="true">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Document will be displayed in "application mode" (fullscreen, etc.) -->
|
|
<meta name="x5-page-mode" content="app">
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### UC Mobile Browser
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
<!-- Locks the screen into the specified orientation -->
|
|
<meta name="screen-orientation" content="landscape/portrait">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Display this document in fullscreen -->
|
|
<meta name="full-screen" content="yes">
|
|
|
|
<!-- UC browser will display images even if in "text mode" -->
|
|
<meta name="imagemode" content="force">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Document will be displayed in "application mode"(fullscreen, forbidding gesture, etc.) -->
|
|
<meta name="browsermode" content="application">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Disabled the UC browser's "night mode" for this document -->
|
|
<meta name="nightmode" content="disable">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Simplify the document to reduce data transfer -->
|
|
<meta name="layoutmode" content="fitscreen">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Disable the UC browser's feature of "scaling font up when there are many words in this document" -->
|
|
<meta name="wap-font-scale" content="no">
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
- 📖 [UC Browser Docs](https://www.uc.cn/download/UCBrowser_U3_API.doc)
|
|
|
|
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|
|
|
|
## App Links
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
<!-- iOS -->
|
|
<meta property="al:ios:url" content="applinks://docs">
|
|
<meta property="al:ios:app_store_id" content="12345">
|
|
<meta property="al:ios:app_name" content="App Links">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Android -->
|
|
<meta property="al:android:url" content="applinks://docs">
|
|
<meta property="al:android:app_name" content="App Links">
|
|
<meta property="al:android:package" content="org.applinks">
|
|
|
|
<!-- Web fall back -->
|
|
<meta property="al:web:url" content="https://applinks.org/documentation">
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
- 📖 [App Links](https://applinks.org/documentation/)
|
|
|
|
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|
|
|
|
## Other Resources
|
|
|
|
- 📖 [HTML5 Boilerplate Docs: The HTML](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/dist/doc/html.md)
|
|
- 📖 [HTML5 Boilerplate Docs: Extend and customize](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/dist/doc/extend.md)
|
|
|
|
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|
|
|
|
## Related Projects
|
|
|
|
- [Atom HTML Head Snippets](https://github.com/joshbuchea/atom-html-head-snippets) - Atom package for `HEAD` snippets
|
|
- [Sublime Text HTML Head Snippets](https://github.com/marcobiedermann/sublime-head-snippets) - Sublime Text package for `HEAD` snippets
|
|
- [head-it](https://github.com/hemanth/head-it) - CLI interface for `HEAD` snippets
|
|
- [vue-head](https://github.com/ktquez/vue-head) - Manipulating the meta information of the `HEAD` tag for Vue.js
|
|
|
|
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|
|
|
|
## Other Formats
|
|
|
|
- 📄 [PDF](https://gitprint.com/joshbuchea/HEAD/blob/master/README.md)
|
|
|
|
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|
|
|
|
## Translations
|
|
|
|
- 🇧🇷 [Brazilian Portuguese](https://github.com/Webschool-io/HEAD)
|
|
- 🇨🇳 [Chinese (Simplified)](https://github.com/Amery2010/HEAD)
|
|
- 🇩🇪 [German](https://github.com/Shidigital/HEAD)
|
|
- 🇮🇹 [Italian](https://github.com/Fakkio/HEAD)
|
|
- 🇯🇵 [Japanese](https://coliss.com/articles/build-websites/operation/work/collection-of-html-head-elements.html)
|
|
- 🇰🇷 [Korean](https://github.com/Lutece/HEAD)
|
|
- 🇷🇺 [Russian/Русский](https://github.com/Konfuze/HEAD)
|
|
- 🇪🇸 [Spanish](https://github.com/alvaroadlf/HEAD)
|
|
- 🇹🇷 [Turkish/Türkçe](https://github.com/mkg0/HEAD)
|
|
|
|
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|
|
|
|
## Contributing
|
|
|
|
**Open an issue or a pull request to suggest changes or additions.**
|
|
|
|
### Guide
|
|
|
|
The **HEAD** repository consists of two branches:
|
|
|
|
#### 1. `master`
|
|
|
|
This branch consists of the `README.md` file that is automatically reflected on the [gethead.info](https://gethead.info/) website. All changes to the content of the cheat sheet as such should be directed to this file.
|
|
|
|
Please follow these steps for pull requests:
|
|
|
|
- Modify only one tag, or one related set of tags at a time
|
|
- Use double quotes on attributes
|
|
- Don't include a trailing slash in self-closing elements — the HTML5 spec says they're optional
|
|
- Consider including a link to documentation that supports your change
|
|
|
|
#### 2. `gh-pages`
|
|
|
|
This branch is responsible for the [gethead.info](https://gethead.info/) website. We use [Jekyll](https://jekyllrb.com/) to deploy the `README.md` Markdown file through [GitHub Pages](https://pages.github.com/). All website related modifications must be directed here.
|
|
|
|
You may want to go through the [Jekyll Docs](https://jekyllrb.com/docs/home/) and understand how Jekyll works before working on this branch.
|
|
|
|
### Contributors
|
|
|
|
Check out all the super awesome [contributors](https://github.com/joshbuchea/HEAD/graphs/contributors).
|
|
|
|
## Author
|
|
|
|
**[Josh Buchea](https://joshbuchea.com/)**
|
|
|
|
## License
|
|
|
|
[](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
|
|
|
|
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|