mirror of https://github.com/joshbuchea/HEAD.git
593 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
593 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
# HEAD
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[](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
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[](https://github.com/joshbuchea/HEAD/graphs/contributors)
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A list of everything that \*could\* go in the `<head>` of your document
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## Table of Contents
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- [Recommended Minimum](#recommended-minimum)
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- [Elements](#elements)
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- [Meta](#meta)
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- [Link](#link)
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- [Favicons](#favicons)
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- [Social](#social)
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- [Facebook Instant Articles](#facebook-instant-articles)
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- [Facebook Open Graph](#facebook-open-graph)
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- [Twitter Card](#twitter-card)
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- [Google+ / Schema.org](#google--schemaorg)
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- [OEmbed](#oembed)
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- [Browsers / Platforms](#browsers--platforms)
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- [Apple iOS](#apple-ios)
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- [Apple Safari](#apple-safari)
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- [Google Android](#google-android)
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- [Google Chrome](#google-chrome)
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- [Microsoft Internet Explorer](#microsoft-internet-explorer)
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- [Browsers (Chinese)](#browsers-chinese)
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- [360 Browser](#360-browser)
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- [QQ Mobile Browser](#qq-mobile-browser)
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- [UC Mobile Browser](#uc-mobile-browser)
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- [App Links](#app-links)
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- [Notes](#notes)
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- [Performance](#performance)
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- [Other Resources](#other-resources)
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- [Related Projects](#related-projects)
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- [Other Formats](#other-formats)
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- [Translations](#translations)
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- [Contributing](#contributing)
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- [Contributors](#contributors)
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- [Author](#author)
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- [License](#license)
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## Recommended Minimum
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Below are the essential tags for basic, minimalist websites:
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```html
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
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<!-- The above 3 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must come *after* these tags -->
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<title>Page Title</title>
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```
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**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
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## Elements
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Valid `<head>` elements include `meta`, `link`, `title`, `style`, `script`, `noscript`, and `base`.
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``` html
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<!-- Charset -->
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<!-- Document Title -->
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<title>Page Title</title>
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<!-- Base URL to use for all relative URLs contained within the document -->
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<base href="http://example.com/page.html">
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<!-- External CSS -->
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
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<!-- In-document CSS -->
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<style>
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/* ... */
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</style>
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<!-- JavaScript -->
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<script src="script.js"></script>
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<noscript><!--no JS alternative--></noscript>
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```
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**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
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## Meta
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``` html
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<meta charset="utf-8"> <!-- set character encoding for the document -->
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<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
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<!-- The above 3 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must come *after* these tags -->
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<!-- Allows control over where resources are loaded from -->
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'">
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<!-- Place as early in the document as possible -->
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<!-- Only applies to content below this tag -->
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<!-- Name of web application (only should be used if the website is used as an app) -->
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<meta name="application-name" content="Application Name">
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<!-- Short description of the page (limit to 150 characters) -->
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<!-- In *some* situations this description is used as a part of the snippet shown in the search results. -->
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<meta name="description" content="A description of the page">
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<!-- Control the behavior of search engine crawling and indexing -->
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<meta name="robots" content="index,follow"><!-- All Search Engines -->
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<meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow"><!-- Google Specific -->
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<!-- Tells Google not to show the sitelinks search box -->
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<meta name="google" content="nositelinkssearchbox">
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<!-- Tells Google not to provide a translation for this page -->
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<meta name="google" content="notranslate">
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<!-- Verify ownership -->
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<meta name="google-site-verification" content="verification_token"><!-- Google Search Console -->
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<meta name="yandex-verification" content="verification_token"><!-- Yandex Webmasters -->
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<meta name="msvalidate.01" content="verification_token"><!-- Bing Webmaster Center -->
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<meta name="alexaVerifyID" content="verification_token"><!-- Alexa Console -->
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<meta name="p:domain_verify" content="code_from_pinterest"><!-- Pinterest Console-->
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<meta name="norton-safeweb-site-verification" content="norton_code"><!-- Norton Safe Web -->
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<!-- Used to name software used to build the website (i.e. - WordPress, Dreamweaver) -->
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<meta name="generator" content="program">
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<!-- Short description of your site's subject -->
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<meta name="subject" content="your website's subject">
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<!-- Gives a general age rating based on sites content -->
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<meta name="rating" content="General">
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<!-- Allows control over how referrer information is passed -->
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<meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer">
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<!-- Disable automatic detection and formatting of possible phone numbers -->
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<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
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<!-- Completely opt out of DNS prefetching by setting to 'off' -->
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<meta http-equiv="x-dns-prefetch-control" content="off">
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<!-- Stores cookie on the client web browser for client identification -->
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<meta http-equiv="set-cookie" content="name=value; expires=date; path=url">
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<!-- Specifies the page to appear in a specific frame -->
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<meta http-equiv="Window-Target" content="_value">
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<!-- Geo tags -->
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<meta name="ICBM" content="latitude, longitude">
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<meta name="geo.position" content="latitude;longitude">
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<meta name="geo.region" content="country[-state]"><!-- Country code (ISO 3166-1): mandatory, state code (ISO 3166-2): optional; eg. content="US" / content="US-NY" -->
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<meta name="geo.placename" content="city/town"><!-- eg. content="New York City" -->
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```
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- [Meta tags that Google understands](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/79812?hl=en)
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- [WHATWG Wiki: MetaExtensions](https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/MetaExtensions)
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- [ICBM on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICBM_address#Modern_use)
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- [Geotagging on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotagging#HTML_pages)
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**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
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## Link
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``` html
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<!-- Points to a CSS stylesheet -->
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://example.com/styles.css">
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<!-- Helps prevent duplicate content issues -->
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<link rel="canonical" href="http://example.com/2010/06/9-things-to-do-before-entering-social-media.html">
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<!-- Used to be included before the icon link, but is deprecated and no longer is used -->
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<link rel="shortlink" href="http://example.com/?p=42">
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<!-- Links to an AMP HTML version of the current document -->
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<link rel="amphtml" href="http://example.com/path/to/amp-version.html">
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<!-- Links to a JSON file that specifies "installation" credentials for web applications -->
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<link rel="manifest" href="manifest.json">
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<!-- Links to the author of the document -->
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<link rel="author" href="humans.txt">
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<!-- Refers to a copyright statement that applies to the links context -->
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<link rel="license" href="copyright.html">
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<!-- Gives a reference to a location in your document that may be in another language -->
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<link rel="alternate" href="https://es.example.com/" hreflang="es">
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<!-- Gives information about an author or another person -->
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<link rel="me" href="https://google.com/profiles/thenextweb" type="text/html">
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<link rel="me" href="mailto:name@example.com">
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<link rel="me" href="sms:+15035550125">
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<!-- Links to a document that describes a collection of records, documents, or other materials of historical interest. -->
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<link rel="archives" href="http://example.com/archives/">
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<!-- Links to top level resource in an hierarchical structure -->
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<link rel="index" href="http://example.com/">
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<!-- Gives a self reference - useful when the document has multiple possible references -->
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<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=3">
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<!-- The first, next, previous, and last documents in a series of documents, respectively -->
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<link rel="first" href="http://example.com/atomFeed.php">
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<link rel="next" href="http://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=4">
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<link rel="prev" href="http://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=2">
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<link rel="last" href="http://example.com/atomFeed.php?page=147">
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<!-- Used when using a 3rd party service to maintain a blog -->
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<link rel="EditURI" href="http://example.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD">
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<!-- Forms an automated comment when another WordPress blog links to your WordPress blog or post -->
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<link rel="pingback" href="http://example.com/xmlrpc.php">
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<!-- Notifies a url when you link to it on your site -->
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<link rel="webmention" href="http://example.com/webmention">
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<!-- Enables posting to your own domain using a Micropub client -->
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<link rel="micropub" href="http://example.com/micropub">
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<!-- Loads in an external HTML file into the current HTML file -->
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<link rel="import" href="/path/to/component.html">
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<!-- Open Search -->
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<link rel="search" href="/open-search.xml" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search Title">
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<!-- Feeds -->
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<link rel="alternate" href="https://feeds.feedburner.com/example" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS">
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<link rel="alternate" href="http://example.com/feed.atom" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom 0.3">
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<!-- Prefetching, preloading, prebrowsing -->
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//example.com/">
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<link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.example.com/">
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<link rel="prefetch" href="https://www.example.com/">
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<link rel="prerender" href="http://example.com/">
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<link rel="preload" href="image.png" as="image">
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<!-- More info: https://css-tricks.com/prefetching-preloading-prebrowsing/ -->
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```
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**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
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### Favicons
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``` html
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<!-- For IE 10 and below -->
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<!-- Place favicon.ico in the root directory - no tag necessary -->
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<!-- For IE 11, Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Opera -->
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<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/path/to/favicon-16x16.png">
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<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/path/to/favicon-32x32.png">
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<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="/path/to/favicon-96x96.png">
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```
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- [All About Favicons (And Touch Icons)](https://bitsofco.de/all-about-favicons-and-touch-icons/)
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- [Favicon Cheat Sheet](https://github.com/audreyr/favicon-cheat-sheet)
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## Social
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### Facebook Instant Articles
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``` html
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta property="op:markup_version" content="v1.0">
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<!-- The URL of the web version of your article -->
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<link rel="canonical" href="http://example.com/article.html">
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<!-- The style to be used for this article -->
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<meta property="fb:article_style" content="myarticlestyle">
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```
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- [Creating Articles - Instant Articles](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/instant-articles/guides/articlecreate)
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- [Code Samples - Instant Articles](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/instant-articles/reference)
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### Facebook Open Graph
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``` html
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<meta property="fb:app_id" content="123456789">
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<meta property="og:url" content="http://example.com/page.html">
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<meta property="og:type" content="website">
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<meta property="og:title" content="Content Title">
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<meta property="og:image" content="http://example.com/image.jpg">
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<meta property="og:description" content="Description Here">
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<meta property="og:site_name" content="Site Name">
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<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US">
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<meta property="article:author" content="">
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```
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- [Facebook Open Graph Markup](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters#markup)
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- [Open Graph protocol](http://ogp.me/)
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### Twitter Card
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``` html
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<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
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<meta name="twitter:site" content="@site_account">
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<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@individual_account">
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<meta name="twitter:url" content="http://example.com/page.html">
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Content Title">
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="Content description less than 200 characters">
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<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://example.com/image.jpg">
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```
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- [Getting started with cards — Twitter Developers](https://dev.twitter.com/cards/getting-started)
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- [Twitter Card Validator](https://cards-dev.twitter.com/validator)
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### Google+ / Schema.org
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``` html
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<link href="https://plus.google.com/+YourPage" rel="publisher">
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<meta itemprop="name" content="Content Title">
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<meta itemprop="description" content="Content description less than 200 characters">
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<meta itemprop="image" content="http://example.com/image.jpg">
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```
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### Pinterest
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Pinterest lets you prevent people from saving things from your website, according [to their help center](https://help.pinterest.com/en/articles/prevent-people-saving-things-pinterest-your-site). The `description` is optional.
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``` html
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<meta name="pinterest" content="nopin" description="Sorry, you can't save from my website!">
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```
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### OEmbed
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``` html
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<link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed"
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href="http://example.com/services/oembed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Ffoo%2F&format=json"
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title="oEmbed Profile: JSON">
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed"
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href="http://example.com/services/oembed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com%2Ffoo%2F&format=xml"
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title="oEmbed Profile: XML">
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```
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- [oEmbed format](http://oembed.com/)
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**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
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## Browsers / Platforms
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### Apple iOS
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``` html
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<!-- Smart App Banner -->
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<meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=APP_ID,affiliate-data=AFFILIATE_ID,app-argument=SOME_TEXT">
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<!-- Disable automatic detection and formatting of possible phone numbers -->
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<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
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<!-- Add to Home Screen -->
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<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
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<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black">
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<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="App Title">
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<!-- Touch Icons -->
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<!-- In most cases, one 180×180px touch icon in the head is enough -->
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<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/path/to/apple-touch-icon.png">
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<!-- Startup Image ( Deprecated ) -->
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<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="/path/to/startup.png">
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<!-- iOS app deep linking -->
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<meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=APP-ID, app-argument=http/url-sample.com">
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<link rel="alternate" href="ios-app://APP-ID/http/url-sample.com">
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```
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- [Apple Meta Tags](https://developer.apple.com/library/safari/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariHTMLRef/Articles/MetaTags.html)
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### Apple Safari
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```html
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<!-- Pinned Site -->
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<link rel="mask-icon" href="/path/to/icon.svg" color="red">
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```
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### Google Android
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``` html
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<meta name="theme-color" content="#E64545">
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<!-- Add to home screen -->
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<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
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<!-- More info: https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/android/installtohomescreen -->
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<!-- Android app deep linking -->
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<meta name="google-play-app" content="app-id=package-name">
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<link rel="alternate" href="android-app://package-name/http/url-sample.com">
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```
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### Google Chrome
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``` html
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<link rel="chrome-webstore-item" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/APP_ID">
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<!-- Disable translation prompt -->
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<meta name="google" content="notranslate">
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```
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### Google Chrome Mobile (Android Only)
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Since Chrome 31, you can set up your web app to "app mode" like Safari.
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``` html
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<!-- Link to a manifest and define the manifest metadata. -->
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<!-- The example of manifest.json could be found in the link below. -->
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<link rel="manifest" href="manifest.json">
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<!-- Define your web page as a web app -->
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<meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
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<!-- Homescreen Icon -->
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<link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="/path/to/highres-icon.png">
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```
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- [Google Developer](https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/android/installtohomescreen)
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### Microsoft Internet Explorer
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``` html
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<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
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<meta name="skype_toolbar" content="skype_toolbar_parser_compatible">
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<!-- IE10: Disable link highlighting upon tap (https://blogs.windows.com/buildingapps/2012/11/15/adapting-your-webkit-optimized-site-for-internet-explorer-10/) -->
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<meta name="msapplication-tap-highlight" content="no">
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<!-- Pinned sites (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn255024(v=vs.85).aspx) -->
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<meta name="application-name" content="Sample Title">
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<meta name="msapplication-tooltip" content="A description of what this site does.">
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<meta name="msapplication-starturl" content="http://example.com/index.html?pinned=true">
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<meta name="msapplication-navbutton-color" content="#FF3300">
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<meta name="msapplication-window" content="width=800;height=600">
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<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=Task 1;action-uri=http://host/Page1.html;icon-uri=http://host/icon1.ico">
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<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=Task 2;action-uri=http://microsoft.com/Page2.html;icon-uri=http://host/icon2.ico">
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<meta name="msapplication-badge" value="frequency=NUMBER_IN_MINUTES;polling-uri=http://example.com/path/to/file.xml">
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<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#FF3300">
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<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/path/to/tileimage.jpg">
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<meta name="msapplication-config" content="http://example.com/browserconfig.xml">
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<meta name="msapplication-notification" content="frequency=60;polling-uri=http://example.com/livetile;polling-uri2=http://example.com/livetile2">
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<meta name="msapplication-task-separator" content="1">
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```
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**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
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## App Links
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``` html
|
||
<!-- iOS -->
|
||
<meta property="al:ios:url" content="applinks://docs">
|
||
<meta property="al:ios:app_store_id" content="12345">
|
||
<meta property="al:ios:app_name" content="App Links">
|
||
<!-- Android -->
|
||
<meta property="al:android:url" content="applinks://docs">
|
||
<meta property="al:android:app_name" content="App Links">
|
||
<meta property="al:android:package" content="org.applinks">
|
||
<!-- Web Fallback -->
|
||
<meta property="al:web:url" content="http://applinks.org/documentation">
|
||
<!-- More info: http://applinks.org/documentation/ -->
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- [App Links Docs](http://applinks.org/documentation/)
|
||
|
||
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|
||
|
||
## Browsers (Chinese)
|
||
|
||
### 360 Browser
|
||
|
||
``` html
|
||
<!-- Select rendering engine order -->
|
||
<meta name="renderer" content="webkit|ie-comp|ie-stand">
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### QQ Mobile Browser
|
||
|
||
``` html
|
||
<!-- Locks the screen into the specified orientation -->
|
||
<meta name="x5-orientation" content="landscape/portrait">
|
||
<!-- Display this page in fullscreen -->
|
||
<meta name="x5-fullscreen" content="true">
|
||
<!-- Page will be displayed in "application mode" (full screen, etc.) -->
|
||
<meta name="x5-page-mode" content="app">
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### UC Mobile Browser
|
||
|
||
``` html
|
||
<!-- Locks the screen into the specified orientation -->
|
||
<meta name="screen-orientation" content="landscape/portrait">
|
||
<!-- Display this page in fullscreen -->
|
||
<meta name="full-screen" content="yes">
|
||
<!-- UC browser will display images even if in "text mode" -->
|
||
<meta name="imagemode" content="force">
|
||
<!-- Page will be displayed in "application mode"(full screen, forbidding gesture, etc.) -->
|
||
<meta name="browsermode" content="application">
|
||
<!-- Disabled the UC browser's "night mode" in this page -->
|
||
<meta name="nightmode" content="disable">
|
||
<!-- Simplify the page to reduce data transfer -->
|
||
<meta name="layoutmode" content="fitscreen">
|
||
<!-- Disable the UC browser's feature of "scaling font up when there are many words in this page" -->
|
||
<meta name="wap-font-scale" content="no">
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- [UC Browser Docs](http://www.uc.cn/download/UCBrowser_U3_API.doc)
|
||
|
||
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|
||
|
||
## Notes
|
||
|
||
### Performance
|
||
Moving the `href` attribute to the beginning of an element improves compression when GZIP is enabled, because the `href` attribute is used in `a`, `base`, and `link` tags.
|
||
|
||
Example:
|
||
|
||
``` html
|
||
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700" rel="stylesheet">
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|
||
|
||
## Other Resources
|
||
|
||
- [HTML5 Boilerplate Docs: The HTML](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/dist/doc/html.md)
|
||
- [HTML5 Boilerplate Docs: Extend and customize](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/dist/doc/extend.md)
|
||
|
||
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|
||
|
||
## Related Projects
|
||
|
||
- [Atom HTML Head Snippets](https://github.com/joshbuchea/atom-html-head-snippets) - Atom package for `HEAD` snippets
|
||
- [Sublime Text HTML Head Snippets](https://github.com/marcobiedermann/sublime-head-snippets) - Sublime Text package for `HEAD` snippets
|
||
- [head-it](https://github.com/hemanth/head-it) - CLI interface for `HEAD` snippets
|
||
- [vue-head](https://github.com/ktquez/vue-head) - Manipulating the meta information of the `HEAD` tag for Vue.js
|
||
|
||
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|
||
|
||
## Other Formats
|
||
|
||
- [PDF](https://gitprint.com/joshbuchea/HEAD/blob/master/README.md)
|
||
|
||
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|
||
|
||
## Translations
|
||
|
||
- 🇧🇷 [Brazilian Portuguese](https://github.com/Webschool-io/HEAD)
|
||
- 🇨🇳 [Chinese (Simplified)](https://github.com/Amery2010/HEAD)
|
||
- 🇮🇹 [Italian](https://github.com/Fakkio/HEAD)
|
||
- 🇯🇵 [Japanese](http://coliss.com/articles/build-websites/operation/work/collection-of-html-head-elements.html)
|
||
- 🇰🇷 [Korean](https://github.com/Lutece/HEAD)
|
||
- 🇷🇺 [Russian/Русский](https://github.com/Konfuze/HEAD)
|
||
- 🇹🇷 [Turkish/Türkçe](https://github.com/mkg0/HEAD)
|
||
|
||
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|
||
|
||
## Contributing
|
||
|
||
**Open an issue or a pull request to suggest changes or additions.**
|
||
|
||
### Guide
|
||
|
||
The **HEAD** repository consists of two branches:
|
||
|
||
#### 1. `master`
|
||
|
||
This branch consists of the `README.md` file that is automatically reflected on the [gethead.info](http://gethead.info/) website. All changes to the content of the cheat sheet as such should be directed to this file.
|
||
|
||
Please follow these steps for pull requests:
|
||
|
||
- Modify only one tag, or one related set of tags at a time
|
||
- Use double quotes on attributes
|
||
- Don't include a trailing slash in self-closing elements — the HTML5 spec says they're optional
|
||
- Consider including a link to documentation that supports your change
|
||
|
||
#### 2. `gh-pages`
|
||
|
||
This branch is responsible for the [gethead.info](http://gethead.info/) website. We use [Jekyll](https://jekyllrb.com/) to deploy the `README.md` Markdown file through [GitHub Pages](https://pages.github.com/). All website related modifications must be directed here.
|
||
|
||
You may want to go through the [Jekyll Docs](https://jekyllrb.com/docs/home/) and understand how Jekyll works before working on this branch.
|
||
|
||
### Contributors
|
||
|
||
Check out all the super awesome [contributors](https://github.com/joshbuchea/HEAD/graphs/contributors).
|
||
|
||
## Author
|
||
|
||
**[Josh Buchea](http://joshbuchea.com/)**
|
||
|
||
## License
|
||
|
||
[](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
|
||
|
||
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
|