mirror of
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161 lines
6 KiB
Markdown
161 lines
6 KiB
Markdown
# fd
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[](https://travis-ci.org/sharkdp/fd)
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*fd* is a simple, fast and user-friendly alternative to
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[*find*](https://www.gnu.org/software/findutils/).
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While it does not seek to mirror all of *find*'s powerful functionality, it provides sensible
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(opinionated) defaults for [80%](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_principle) of the use cases.
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## Features
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* Convenient syntax: `fd PATTERN` instead of `find -iname '*PATTERN*'`.
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* Colorized terminal output (similar to *ls*).
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* It's *fast* (see benchmarks below).
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* Smart case: the search is case-insensitive by default. It switches to
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case-sensitive if the pattern contains an uppercase
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character[\*](http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/options.html#'smartcase').
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* Ignores hidden directories and files, by default.
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* Ignores patterns from your `.gitignore`, by default.
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* Regular expressions.
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* Unicode-awareness.
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* The command name is *50%* shorter[\*](https://github.com/ggreer/the_silver_searcher) than
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`find` :-).
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## Demo
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## Colorized output
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`fd` can colorize files by extension, just like `ls`. In order for this to work, the environment
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variable [`LS_COLORS`](https://linux.die.net/man/5/dir_colors) has to be set. Typically, the value
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of this variable is set by the `dircolors` command which provides a convenient configuration format
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to define colors for different file formats.
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On most distributions, `LS_COLORS` should be set already. If you are looking for alternative, more
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complete (and more colorful) variants, see
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[here](https://github.com/seebi/dircolors-solarized) or
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[here](https://github.com/trapd00r/LS_COLORS).
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## Benchmark
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Let's search my home folder for files that end in `[0-9].jpg`. It contains ~150.000
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subdirectories and about a million files. For averaging and statistical analysis, I'm using
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[bench](https://github.com/Gabriel439/bench). All benchmarks are performed for a "warm
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cache". Results for a cold cache are similar.
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Let's start with `find`:
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```
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find ~ -iregex '.*[0-9]\.jpg$'
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time 6.265 s (6.127 s .. NaN s)
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1.000 R² (1.000 R² .. 1.000 R²)
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mean 6.162 s (6.140 s .. 6.181 s)
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std dev 31.73 ms (0.0 s .. 33.48 ms)
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```
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`find` is much faster if it does not need to perform a regular-expression search:
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```
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find ~ -iname '*[0-9].jpg'
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time 2.866 s (2.754 s .. 2.964 s)
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1.000 R² (0.999 R² .. 1.000 R²)
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mean 2.860 s (2.834 s .. 2.875 s)
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std dev 23.11 ms (0.0 s .. 25.09 ms)
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```
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Now let's try the same for `fd`. Note that `fd` *always* performs a regular expression
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search. The options `--hidden` and `--no-ignore` are needed for a fair comparison,
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otherwise `fd` does not have to traverse hidden folders and ignored paths (see below):
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```
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fd --hidden --no-ignore '.*[0-9]\.jpg$' ~
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time 892.6 ms (839.0 ms .. 915.4 ms)
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0.999 R² (0.997 R² .. 1.000 R²)
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mean 871.2 ms (857.9 ms .. 881.3 ms)
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std dev 15.50 ms (0.0 s .. 17.49 ms)
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```
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For this particular example, `fd` is approximately seven times faster than `find -iregex`
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and about three times faster than `find -iname`. By the way, both tools found the exact
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same 14030 files :smile:.
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Finally, let's run `fd` without `--hidden` and `--no-ignore` (this can lead to different
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search results, of course):
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```
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fd '[0-9]\.jpg$' ~
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time 159.5 ms (155.8 ms .. 165.3 ms)
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0.999 R² (0.996 R² .. 1.000 R²)
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mean 158.7 ms (156.5 ms .. 161.6 ms)
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std dev 3.263 ms (2.401 ms .. 4.298 ms)
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```
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**Note**: This is *one particular* benchmark on *one particular* machine. While I have
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performed quite a lot of different tests (and found consistent results), things might
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be different for you! I encourage everyone to try it out on their own.
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Concerning *fd*'s speed, the main credit goes to the `regex` and `ignore` crates that are also used
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in [ripgrep](https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep) (check it out!).
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## Install
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With Rust's package manager [cargo](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo), you can install *fd* via:
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```
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cargo install fd-find
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```
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Note that rust version *1.16.0* or later is required.
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The release page of this repository also includes precompiled binaries for Linux.
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On **macOS**, you can use [Homebrew](http://braumeister.org/formula/fd):
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```
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brew install fd
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```
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On **Arch Linux**, you can install the AUR package [fd-rs](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/fd-rs/) (for the stable version) or [fd-rs-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/fd-rs-git/) (for the current master) via yaourt, or manually:
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```
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git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/fd-rs.git
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cd fd-rs
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makepkg -si
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```
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## Development
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/sharkdp/fd
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# Build
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cd fd
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cargo build
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# Run unit tests
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cargo test
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# Run integration tests
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cd tests
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bash test.sh
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# Install
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cargo install
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```
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## Command-line options
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```
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USAGE:
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fd [FLAGS/OPTIONS] [<pattern>] [<path>]
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FLAGS:
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-s, --case-sensitive Case-sensitive search (default: smart case)
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-p, --full-path Search full path (default: file-/dirname only)
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-H, --hidden Search hidden files and directories
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-I, --no-ignore Do not respect .(git)ignore files
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-L, --follow Follow symlinks
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-0, --print0 Separate results by the null character
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-a, --absolute-path Show absolute instead of relative paths
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-n, --no-color Do not colorize output
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-h, --help Prints help information
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-V, --version Prints version information
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OPTIONS:
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-d, --max-depth <depth> Set maximum search depth (default: none)
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-j, --threads <threads> The number of threads used for searching
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-t, --type <type> The type of file to search for [values: f, file, d, directory, s, symlink]
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ARGS:
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<pattern> the search pattern, a regular expression (optional)
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<path> the root directory for the filesystem search (optional)
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```
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